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. 2022 Sep 5;17:60. doi: 10.1186/s13024-022-00564-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Comparison of the immune response effects of monomeric vs ɑ-syn pff in young mice. A Representative images for p- ɑ-syn, CD3, CD4, CD8, Iba-1 and GFAP immunostaining of young mouse cohort at 1-month post injection. Images are from three brain regions (M1/M2 or somatosensory cortex (Neocortex), basolateral and basomedial amygdala (Amygdala), and dorsal striatum (Striatum)). Left panels are PBS (vehicle) injected, the panels in the middle are from mice injected with the ɑ-syn monomer and to the right are ɑ-syn pff injected. B Image analysis of p-ɑ-syn % area of neuropil. C Image analysis of CD3 positive cell counts per 0.1 mm². D Image analysis of CD4 positive cell counts per 0.1 mm². E Image analysis of CD8 positive cell counts per 0.1 mm². F Image analysis of Iba-1 positive cell counts per 0.1 mm². G Image analysis of GFAP optical density. Data are mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Scale bar, 40 μm