Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 6:1–15. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s40615-022-01384-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Opioid overdose deaths (all opioids) and heroin overdose deaths in Illinois, Maryland, Michigan and Washington DC—Comparison of Urban Capitals and Rural. A All deaths due to any opioids were analyzed for Chicago, Illinois, and non-Chicago regions (top left); Baltimore, Maryland, and non-Baltimore city regions of MD (top right); Detroit, Michigan, and non-Detroit regions of MI (bottom left); Wards 7 and 8, all of Washington DC, and non-Wards 7 and 8 parts of DC (bottom right). Note that Ward 5 is also considered a hotspot for OODs but not calculated with wards 7 and 8, thus may reduce the extent of disparities for Washington DC’s Black neighborhoods. B Deaths where heroin was implicated (heroin overdose deaths (HOD). Red circles (cities or Wards 7 and 8); black diamonds (overall state or Washington DC data); gray squares (overall state—city = ‘all other’ regions of that state). Data expressed as percent change over 2013, or 2014 for DC. The large oval highlights data influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Fig. 2 — Opioid overdose deaths (all opioids) and heroin overdose deaths in Illinois, Maryland, Michigan and Washington DC—Comparison of Urban Capitals and Rural. A All deaths due to any opioids were analyzed for Chicago, Illinois, and non-Chicago regions (top left); Baltimore, Maryland, and non-Baltimore city regions of MD (top right); Detroit, Michigan, and non-Detroit regions of MI (bottom left); Wards 7 and 8, all of Washington DC, and non-Wards 7 and 8 parts of DC (bottom right). Note that Ward 5 is also considered a hotspot for OODs but not calculated with wards 7 and 8, thus may reduce the extent of disparities for Washington DC’s Black neighborhoods. B Deaths where heroin was implicated (heroin overdose deaths (HOD). Red circles (cities or Wards 7 and 8); black diamonds (overall state or Washington DC data); gray squares (overall state—city = ‘all other’ regions of that state). Data expressed as percent change over 2013, or 2014 for DC. The large oval highlights data influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020