Table 8.
One-, Five-, and Ten-Year Relative Survival Ratesa,b for Selected Malignantc and Non-Malignantd Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Ages 0–19 Years by Age Groups and Histopathology, NPCR, 2001–2017 (varying)
| Histopathology | Age Group | Total Cases (2001–2017) | 1-year RS (95% CI) | 5-year RS (95% CI) | 10-year RS (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gliomas | 0–19 years | 31,698 | 90.7 (90.4–91.0) | 80.0 (79.5–80.5) | 77.2 (76.6–77.7) |
| <1 year | 1,344 | 88.8 (86.9–90.4) | 78.6 (76.1–80.8) | 73.1 (70.2–75.7) | |
| 1–4 years | 7,919 | 92.1 (91.5–92.7) | 83.1 (82.2–83.9) | 80.2 (79.2–81.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 8,481 | 85.6 (84.8–86.3) | 74.6 (73.7–75.6) | 72.5 (71.5–73.6) | |
| 10–14 years | 7,496 | 92.5 (91.9–93.1) | 82.0 (81.1–82.9) | 79.9 (78.8–80.9) | |
| 15–19 years | 6,458 | 94.1 (93.5–94.6) | 81.2 (80.1–82.2) | 77.2 (76.0–78.4) | |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | 0–19 years | 10,532 | 98.8 (98.6–99.0) | 96.8 (96.4–97.1) | 95.4 (94.9–95.9) |
| <1 year | 301 | 93.0 (89.2–95.5) | 78.0 (72.4–82.7) | 70.0 (63.3–75.6) | |
| 1–4 years | 2,793 | 99.0 (98.5–99.3) | 97.4 (96.6–97.9) | 95.8 (94.8–96.7) | |
| 5–9 years | 2,971 | 99.0 (98.6–99.3) | 97.5 (96.8–98.1) | 96.4 (95.5–97.1) | |
| 10–14 years | 2,626 | 98.9 (98.4–99.2) | 97.7 (96.9–98.2) | 96.5 (95.4–97.3) | |
| 15–19 years | 1,841 | 99.2 (98.6–99.5) | 96.6 (95.6–97.5) | 95.9 (94.6–96.9) | |
| Other Low grade glioma | 0–19 years | 6,459 | 96.6 (96.2–97.1) | 89.7 (88.9–90.5) | 86.4 (85.4–87.4) |
| <1 year | 367 | 94.7 (91.6–96.7) | 89.2 (85.1–92.2) | 86.8 (82.2–90.3) | |
| 1–4 years | 1,117 | 96.6 (95.4–97.5) | 91.8 (90.0–93.4) | 90.4 (88.3–92.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 1,358 | 95.8 (94.6–96.8) | 89.0 (87.1–90.6) | 86.2 (83.9–88.1) | |
| 10–14 years | 1,706 | 96.6 (95.6–97.4) | 90.1 (88.5–91.5) | 87.9 (86.0–89.6) | |
| 15–19 years | 1,911 | 97.6 (96.8–98.2) | 88.7 (87.0–90.2) | 82.8 (80.6–84.8) | |
| High grade glioma | 0–19 years | 6,551 | 64.7 (63.5–65.9) | 33.6 (32.4–34.8) | 30.5 (29.3–31.8) |
| <1 year | 237 | 71.2 (64.8–76.6) | 64.1 (57.3–70.1) | 61.6 (54.5–68.0) | |
| 1–4 years | 1,245 | 62.6 (59.8–65.2) | 34.0 (31.3–36.8) | 31.1 (28.3–34.0) | |
| 5–9 years | 2,189 | 52.0 (49.9–54.1) | 23.5 (21.6–25.4) | 21.7 (19.8–23.6) | |
| 10–14 years | 1,548 | 71.9 (69.6–74.1) | 38.8 (36.2–41.4) | 36.0 (33.3–38.6) | |
| 15–19 years | 1,332 | 78.2 (75.8–80.3) | 38.3 (35.5–41.2) | 32.4 (29.5–35.4) | |
| Other glioma | 0–19 years | 18,688 | 97.9 (97.7–98.1) | 93.0 (92.5–93.3) | 90.3 (89.8–90.8) |
| <1 year | 740 | 91.5 (89.1–93.4) | 78.0 (74.6–81.1) | 70.1 (66.0–73.9) | |
| 1–4 years | 5,557 | 97.9 (97.5–98.3) | 92.5 (91.7–93.2) | 89.2 (88.2–90.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 4,934 | 97.8 (97.4–98.2) | 93.5 (92.7–94.2) | 91.4 (90.5–92.3) | |
| 10–14 years | 4,242 | 98.4 (98.0–98.8) | 94.5 (93.7–95.2) | 92.6 (91.5–93.5) | |
| 15–19 years | 3,215 | 98.6 (98.1–99.0) | 94.4 (93.4–95.2) | 92.3 (91.0–93.3) | |
| Choroid plexus tumors | 0–19 years | 1,037 | 95.5 (94.0–96.6) | 89.2 (86.9–91.1) | 86.1 (83.4–88.5) |
| <1 year | 321 | 92.8 (89.2–95.3) | 87.1 (82.5–90.6) | 85.0 (79.6–89.0) | |
| 1–4 years | 343 | 94.9 (91.9–96.8) | 85.9 (81.3–89.4) | 83.4 (78.4–87.3) | |
| 5–9 years | 126 | 96.8 (91.6–98.8) | 90.0 (82.5–94.4) | 85.4 (76.0–91.3) | |
| 10–14 years | 128 | 99.2 (94.3–99.9) | 93.7 (87.1–97.0) | 91.5 (81.9–96.1) | |
| 15–19 years | 119 | 99.2 (93.6–99.9) | 98.3 (92.8–99.6) | 91.8 (81.0–96.6) | |
| Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors | 0–19 years | 2,818 | 98.6 (98.0–99.0) | 95.5 (94.6–96.3) | 94.3 (93.2–95.3) |
| <1 year | 79 | 91.3 (81.9–96.0) | 87.0 (76.6–93.0) | 87.0 (76.6–93.0) | |
| 1–4 years | 367 | 98.1 (95.9–99.1) | 94.4 (91.1–96.6) | 93.4 (89.6–95.8) | |
| 5–9 years | 524 | 98.2 (96.6–99.1) | 93.3 (90.5–95.3) | 92.3 (89.2–94.5) | |
| 10–14 years | 873 | 99.2 (98.3–99.6) | 96.7 (95.0–97.8) | 95.9 (93.9–97.3) | |
| 15–19 years | 975 | 99.0 (98.0–99.5) | 96.8 (95.2–97.9) | 94.9 (92.6–96.5) | |
| Tumors of the pineal region | 0–19 years | 550 | 89.4 (86.5–91.8) | 69.9 (65.5–73.9) | 62.8 (57.8–67.3) |
| <1 year | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1–4 years | 126 | 77.4 (69.0–83.8) | 50.5 (41.0–59.3) | 49.3 (39.7–58.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 131 | 96.8 (91.7–98.8) | 74.2 (64.4–81.6) | 66.4 (55.7–75.0) | |
| 10–14 years | 118 | 98.3 (93.2–99.6) | 83.6 (74.9–89.5) | 69.5 (57.6–78.7) | |
| 15–19 years | 145 | 94.4 (89.0–97.2) | 78.8 (70.2–85.2) | 71.3 (60.9–79.3) | |
| Embryonal tumors | 0–19 years | 7,397 | 82.3 (81.4–83.1) | 63.5 (62.3–64.7) | 58.1 (56.8–59.4) |
| <1 year | 846 | 54.9 (51.4–58.2) | 41.6 (38.2–45.1) | 39.1 (35.6–42.6) | |
| 1–4 years | 2,581 | 74.6 (72.9–76.3) | 55.0 (53.0–57.0) | 51.7 (49.5–53.8) | |
| 5–9 years | 2,124 | 92.7 (91.5–93.7) | 73.5 (71.4–75.5) | 67.7 (65.3–69.9) | |
| 10–14 years | 1,154 | 94.3 (92.8–95.5) | 74.6 (71.8–77.3) | 66.9 (63.5–70.0) | |
| 15–19 years | 692 | 92.6 (90.4–94.4) | 72.9 (69.1–76.3) | 61.7 (57.2–65.8) | |
| Medulloblastoma | 0–19 years | 4,747 | 90.3 (89.4–91.1) | 73.6 (72.2–74.9) | 67.3 (65.7–68.8) |
| <1 year | 160 | 66.9 (58.9–73.7) | 56.6 (48.3–64.1) | 53.3 (44.7–61.2) | |
| 1–4 years | 1,393 | 82.6 (80.5–84.6) | 64.2 (61.5–66.8) | 60.4 (57.5–63.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 1,750 | 94.3 (93.1–95.3) | 76.4 (74.2–78.5) | 70.2 (67.6–72.7) | |
| 10–14 years | 915 | 96.2 (94.7–97.2) | 80.8 (77.8–83.5) | 73.6 (69.9–77.0) | |
| 15–19 years | 529 | 94.4 (92.0–96.1) | 81.4 (77.4–84.7) | 69.4 (64.2–74.0) | |
| ATRT | 0–19 years | 1,000 | 53.2 (50.0–56.3) | 33.3 (30.1–36.4) | 30.9 (27.7–34.1) |
| <1 year | 372 | 39.0 (33.9–44.0) | 19.6 (15.5–24.0) | 16.7 (12.6–21.3) | |
| 1–4 years | 520 | 58.4 (54.0–62.6) | 39.3 (34.7–43.7) | 37.2 (32.6–41.9) | |
| 5–9 years | 67 | 75.2 (62.7–84.0) | 55.4 (41.2–67.6) | 55.4 (41.2–67.6) | |
| 10–14 years | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 15–19 years | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| Other embryonal tumors | 0–19 years | 487 | 80.7 (76.8–84.0) | 67.1 (62.5–71.3) | 64.0 (59.1–68.4) |
| <1 year | 194 | 80.6 (74.1–85.6) | 75.5 (68.5–81.1) | 73.9 (66.6–79.8) | |
| 1–4 years | 195 | 77.5 (70.8–82.8) | 61.5 (53.9–68.3) | 57.7 (49.6–64.9) | |
| 5–9 years | 58 | 85.6 (73.2–92.5) | 57.6 (43.0–69.8) | 55.5 (40.8–67.9) | |
| 10–14 years | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 15–19 years | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| Tumors of cranial and spinal nerves | 0–19 years | 3,120 | 99.7 (99.4–99.9) | 98.6 (98.1–99.0) | 97.4 (96.4–98.0) |
| <1 year | 184 | 100.0 (**-**) | 97.8 (92.6–99.3) | 96.8 (91.0–98.9) | |
| 1–4 years | 651 | 100.0 (**-**) | 99.2 (98.0–99.7) | 98.9 (96.9–99.6) | |
| 5–9 years | 650 | 99.7 (98.7–99.9) | 99.0 (97.7–99.6) | 97.8 (95.8–98.8) | |
| 10–14 years | 659 | 99.4 (98.3–99.8) | 98.0 (96.4–98.9) | 97.3 (95.2–98.5) | |
| 15–19 years | 976 | 99.6 (98.9–99.9) | 98.6 (97.3–99.2) | 96.0 (93.5–97.5) | |
| Tumors of meninges | 0–19 years | 3,078 | 97.2 (96.5–97.7) | 93.7 (92.6–94.5) | 90.6 (89.1–91.9) |
| <1 year | 369 | 95.1 (92.1–97.0) | 92.0 (88.3–94.6) | 91.1 (86.7–94.1) | |
| 1–4 years | 402 | 95.1 (92.4–96.8) | 91.0 (87.4–93.6) | 87.2 (82.3–90.8) | |
| 5–9 years | 377 | 96.7 (94.3–98.1) | 92.4 (88.9–94.8) | 87.8 (82.4–91.6) | |
| 10–14 years | 651 | 97.9 (96.4–98.8) | 94.5 (92.2–96.1) | 91.5 (88.4–93.8) | |
| 15–19 years | 1,279 | 98.2 (97.3–98.8) | 94.9 (93.3–96.1) | 91.9 (89.5–93.7) | |
| Lymphomas and hematopoietic neoplasms | 0–19 years | 288 | 88.6 (84.3–91.8) | 81.6 (76.2–85.8) | 78.3 (72.2–83.2) |
| <1 year | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1–4 years | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 5–9 years | 69 | 94.1 (85.0–97.7) | 92.3 (82.4–96.8) | 92.3 (82.4–96.8) | |
| 10–14 years | 70 | 92.6 (83.0–96.8) | 80.0 (67.2–88.3) | 76.0 (60.2–86.2) | |
| 15–19 years | 106 | 83.7 (75.1–89.6) | 74.9 (64.9–82.4) | 73.5 (63.1–81.3) | |
| Germ cell tumors | 0–19 years | 2,274 | 93.7 (92.6–94.7) | 88.6 (87.2–90.0) | 85.7 (83.9–87.3) |
| <1 year | 163 | 65.0 (57.0–72.0) | 61.5 (53.3–68.7) | 61.5 (53.3–68.7) | |
| 1–4 years | 101 | 89.7 (81.7–94.3) | 83.6 (74.1–89.8) | 80.5 (68.8–88.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 379 | 95.9 (93.3–97.5) | 92.3 (88.8–94.7) | 87.2 (82.0–90.9) | |
| 10–14 years | 869 | 97.1 (95.8–98.1) | 91.2 (88.9–93.1) | 87.8 (84.8–90.2) | |
| 15–19 years | 762 | 95.5 (93.7–96.7) | 90.4 (87.9–92.4) | 88.2 (85.3–90.6) | |
| Tumors of the pituitary | 0–19 years | 7,495 | 99.9 (99.8–100.0) | 99.8 (99.5–99.9) | 99.4 (98.9–99.6) |
| <1 year | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1–4 years | 80 | 98.7 (90.9–99.8) | 97.2 (89.1–99.3) | 94.8 (83.7–98.4) | |
| 5–9 years | 552 | 100.0 (**-**) | 100.0 (**-**) | 100.0 (**-**) | |
| 10–14 years | 1,501 | 99.9 (99.3–100.0) | 99.6 (98.9–99.9) | 99.2 (98.1–99.7) | |
| 15–19 years | 5,336 | 99.9 (99.7–100.0) | 99.9 (99.7–100.0) | 99.5 (98.8–99.8) | |
| Craniopharyngioma | 0–19 years | 2,099 | 98.5 (97.9–98.9) | 95.4 (94.3–96.3) | 92.2 (90.6–93.6) |
| <1 year | <50 cases | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1–4 years | 353 | 98.9 (96.9–99.6) | 95.1 (91.8–97.1) | 92.1 (87.5–95.1) | |
| 5–9 years | 743 | 98.5 (97.3–99.2) | 96.0 (94.1–97.3) | 93.1 (90.3–95.1) | |
| 10–14 years | 566 | 99.1 (97.8–99.6) | 96.4 (94.2–97.8) | 93.0 (89.6–95.3) | |
| 15–19 years | 411 | 98.0 (96.0–99.0) | 94.0 (90.8–96.1) | 91.2 (86.7–94.2) | |
| Other/unclassified tumors | 0–19 years | 3,371 | 92.5 (91.6–93.4) | 89.8 (88.7–90.9) | 88.8 (87.5–90.0) |
| <1 year | 257 | 70.1 (63.9–75.4) | 67.8 (61.6–73.3) | 67.8 (61.6–73.3) | |
| 1–4 years | 562 | 88.1 (85.1–90.6) | 83.9 (80.4–86.8) | 83.2 (79.7–86.2) | |
| 5–9 years | 596 | 92.5 (90.0–94.4) | 89.6 (86.7–91.9) | 86.7 (82.9–89.7) | |
| 10–14 years | 858 | 95.3 (93.6–96.5) | 92.3 (90.2–94.0) | 91.8 (89.4–93.6) | |
| 15–19 years | 1,098 | 98.0 (96.9–98.7) | 96.2 (94.7–97.3) | 95.3 (93.3–96.7) | |
| Total e | 0–19 years | 65,402 | 92.5 (92.2–92.7) | 83.9 (83.6–84.2) | 81.1 (80.7–81.4) |
| <1 year | 3,639 | 80.3 (79.0–81.6) | 71.9 (70.3–73.4) | 68.6 (66.9–70.2) | |
| 1–4 years | 13,562 | 89.4 (88.9–89.9) | 79.3 (78.5–80.0) | 76.5 (75.7–77.3) | |
| 5–9 years | 14,774 | 90.0 (89.5–90.5) | 79.9 (79.2–80.6) | 77.1 (76.3–77.9) | |
| 10–14 years | 14,997 | 95.1 (94.7–95.5) | 87.0 (86.4–87.6) | 84.5 (83.8–85.1) | |
| 15–19 years | 18,430 | 96.9 (96.7–97.2) | 90.5 (90.0–90.9) | 87.5 (86.9–88.1) |
aThe cohort analysis of survival rates was utilized for calculating the survival estimates presented in this table. Long-term cohort-based survival estimates reflect the survival experience of individuals diagnosed over the time period, and they may not necessarily reflect the long-term survival outlook of newly diagnosed cases.
bRates are an estimate of the percentage of patients alive at one, two, three, four, five, and ten year, respectively.
cAssigned behavior code of/3 by the International Classification for Disease, Oncology 3rd edition (see Supplementary Table 3).
dAssigned behavior code of/0 or/1 by the International Classification for Disease, Oncology 3rd edition (see Supplementary Table 3).
eIncludes histopathologies not listed in this table.
Data are not presented when fewer than 50 cases were reported for the specific category or where less than 16 individuals remain alive at the end of the observation period.
**Not able to be calculated.
Abbreviations: NPCR, National Program of Cancer Registries; RS, Relative Survival; ATRT, Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.