Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 17;67(5):317–338. doi: 10.1097/JHM-D-22-00012

TABLE 1. Personal and Professional Characteristics of Participants (N = 1,299).

All Participants,
N (%)
N = 1,269
CEOs, N (%)
N = 279
Gender
Female 595 (47.1) 82 (29.5)
Male 666 (52.8) 196 (70.5)
Other 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
Missing 7 1
Age in years
<30 15 (1.2) 0 (0.0)
30–39 237 (18.7) 27 (9.7)
40–49 407 (32.1) 69 (24.7)
50–59 473 (37.3) 132 (47.3)
≥60 137 (10.8) 51 (18.3)
Missing 0 0
Relationship status
Single 142 (12.1) 15 (5.7)
Married 959 (82.0) 236 (89.7)
Partnered 59 (5.0) 10 (3.8)
Widow, widower 9 (0.8) 2 (0.8)
Missing 100 16
Children
Yes 937 (80.2) 241 (91.6)
No 231 (19.8) 22 (8.4)
Missing 101 16
Age of youngest child (of those with children) in years
<5 135 (14.4) 26 (10.8)
5–12 217 (23.2) 42 (17.4)
13–18 221 (23.6) 59 (24.5)
19–22 126 (13.5) 43 (17.8)
≥23 236 (25.2) 71 (29.5)
Missing 334 38
Position
CEO 279 (22.0) 279 (100)
COO 108 (8.5)
CFO 18 (1.4)
CIO 10 (0.8)
CMO 25 (2.0)
CNO 41 (3.2)
CQO 1 (0.1)
CHRO 3 (0.2)
CSO 4 (0.3)
Other C-suite role 14 (1.1)
Senior vice president 47 (3.7)
Vice president 222 (17.5)
Department head, director 367 (28.9)
Manager 126 (9.9)
Other 4 (0.3)
Hours worked per week
Median (IQR) 55 (50, 60) 55 (50, 60)
<40 12 (1.2) 3 (1.4)
40–49.9 180 (18.1) 20 (9.5)
50–59.9 454 (45.8) 95 (45.2)
60–69.9 281 (28.3) 75 (35.7)
70–79.9 43 (4.3) 14 (6.7)
≥80 22 (2.2) 3 (1.4)
Missing 277 69
Degreesa
Master of business administration 461 (39.1) 107 (40.5)
Master of health administration 525 (44.6) 148 (56.1)
Doctor of medicine or osteopathy 77 (6.5) 10 (3.8)
Nursing degree (baccalaureate or higher) 191 (16.2) 23 (8.7)
PhD or equivalent 85 (7.2) 18 (6.8)
Other clinical degree (e.g., pharmacy, radiology) 153 (13.0) 26 (9.8)
None of the above 60 (5.1) 12 (4.5)
Work setting
Academic medical center 184 (14.6) 9 (3.2)
Independent hospital, medical center 232 (18.4) 78 (28.1)
Member hospital of a nonfederal hospital system 388 (30.7) 96 (34.5)
Member hospital of a federal hospital system—military, VA, IHS 91 (7.2) 13 (4.7)
Corporate or regional headquarters of a healthcare system 172 (13.6) 20 (7.2)
Ambulatory care facility, group practice 95 (7.5) 30 (10.8)
Managed care, HMO, PPO 8 (0.6) 0 (0.0)
Postacute, chronic care 36 (2.8) 19 (6.8)
Public health, community health, mental health agency 35 (2.8) 10 (3.6)
Military—nonhospital, clinic setting 15 (1.2) 10 (3.6)
Hospital—unspecified 5 (0.4) 19 (6.8)
Other 3 (0.2) 0 (0.0)
Missing 5 1

Note. HMO = health maintenance organization; IHS = Indian Health Service; IQR = interquartile range; PPO = preferred provider organization; VA = Veterans Administration.

aParticipants indicated degrees in multiple categories, so total adds to >100%.