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Subunit composition of EcF1FO (pdb-ID 6OQR) from the side (A), of FO from the periplasm (B), and of solubilized F1 (C) from the periplasm (pdb-ID 3OAA). Peripheral stalk, b-subunits; central stalk, γ– and ε–subunits; rotor subunits, γ–, ε–subunits and the c-ring; catalytic sites, β-subunits; proton-translocating half- channels, subunit-a. Each c-subunit carries one proton between subunit-a half-channels during rotation.
