Table 2. Analytical and clinical metrics for each study.
| Reference | R2 | bias (95% CI) | Median plasma | Median DBS | Difference in medians | Proportion undetectable | Proportion 1–10,000 cp/ml | Proportion > 10,000 cp/ml | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abravaya | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [19] | Quantitative data not reported | |||||||
| Aitken | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 | [20] | NR | |||||||
| Alvarez-Munoz | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [21] | 0.9025 | NR | ||||||
| Andreotti | Roche COBAS TaqMan RT-PCR | [22] | 0.8328 | −0.474 (−1.98–1.03) | 4.07 | 3.76 | 0.31 | 14.7% | 34.1% | 51.2% |
| Arredondo | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [23] | 0.8281 | 0.13 (−1.00–1.25) | 0.35 | |||||
| Ayele | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [24] | 0.5524 | −0.794 (2.90–1.31) | 4.64 | 3.90 | 0.74 | 0.0% | 31.6% | 68.4% |
| Brambilla | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [25] | Three patients included, viral loads >3.5 log copies/ml | |||||||
| Carmona | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [26] | 0.5877 | −0.218 (−2.95–2.51) | 3.76 | 3.15 | 0.61 | 26.6% | 27.4% | 46.0% |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 | [26] | 0.7426 | 0.747 (−1.34–2.83) | 3.95 | 4.08 | −0.13 | 7.5% | 43.0% | 49.5% | |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | 0.7951 | −0.096 (−1.81–1.62) | 3.25 | 3.27 | −0.02 | 11.2% | 54.6% | 34.2% | ||
| David | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [27] | 0.9409 | 0.47 (−0.18–1.12) | 0.41 | |||||
| Erba | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [28] | 0.7809 | 0.01 (−0.75–0.77) | 4.11 | 4.03 | 0.07 | 0.0% | 44.2% | 55.8% |
| Fajardo—capillary | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0 | [29] | 0.658 | −0.35 (−1.26–0.56) | ||||||
| venous | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0 | [29] | 0.689 | −0.22 (−1.13–0.69) | ||||||
| Fiscus | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [30] | 0.5988 | −0.424 (−3.30–2.46) | 4.48 | 4.20 | 0.28 | 22.4% | 14.5% | 63.2% |
| Garrido | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [31] | 0.8954 | 0.147 (−0.39–0.68) | 3.81 | 4.15 | −0.34 | 36.1% | 43.3% | 20.6% |
| bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v1.1 | [31] | 0.7585 | −0.577 (−2.59–1.43) | 3.04 | 0.00 | 3.04 | 36.1% | 33.0% | 30.9% | |
| Gous | Hologic Aptima | 0.7874 | −0.134 (−1.30–1.03) | 4.04 | 3.97 | 0.07 | 10.0% | 40.0% | 50.0% | |
| Johannessen | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 | [33] | 0.6538 | −0.672 (−3.10–1.76) | 2.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 33.7% | 45.9% | 20.4% |
| Lira | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [36] | 0.801 | −0.060 (−0.71–0.59) | 4.61 | 4.53 | 0.07 | 0.0% | 24.6% | 75.4% |
| Lofgren | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [37] | 0.9477 | −0.083 (−1.26–1.10) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 52.7% | 15.0% | 32.3% |
| Marconi | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [38] | 0.7812 | −0.407 (−2.56–1.75) | 3.45 | 3.93 | −0.48 | 15.2% | 40.8% | 44.0% |
| Mbida | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [39] | 0.8787 | −0.272 (−1.87–1.32) | 3.62 | 3.70 | −0.08 | 20.0% | 35.6% | 44.4% |
| Mercier-Delarue | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0 | [40] | 0.7602 | −0.544 (−2.54–1.45) | 2.77 | 2.56 | 0.22 | 24.5% | 42.2% | 33.3% |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 | [40] | 0.5157 | 0.217 (−2.47–2.91) | 2.99 | 3.44 | −0.44 | 18.8% | 40.6% | 40.6% | |
| Monleau 2010 | Biocentric G2 Generic | [41] | NR | 0.45 | ||||||
| Monleau 2013 | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [42] | 0.4759 | 0.089 (−3.21–3.39) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 59.3% | 19.0% | 21.7% |
| Biocentric G2 Generic | [42] | 0.3386 | 0.926 (−2.38–4.24) | 2.58 | 3.11 | −0.53 | 46.6% | 30.5% | 22.9% | |
| bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 | [42] | 0.8000 | −0.476 (−1.89–0.93) | 3.76 | 3.36 | 0.40 | 11.0% | 48.4% | 40.7% | |
| Mwau | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | 0.6517 | −1.169 (−3.44–1.11) | 2.19 | 0.00 | 2.19 | 43.2% | 37.0% | 19.8% | |
| Neogi | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [45] | 0.7169 | −0.485 (−2.81–1.84) | 1.77 | 0.00 | 1.77 | 39.3% | 38.7% | 22.0% |
| Onkendi | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [47] | 0.917 | −0.200 (−0.63–0.23) | ||||||
| Ouma | Roche COBAS Amplicor v1.5/TaqMan v2 | [48] | 0.6575 | 0.206 (−0.88–1.30) | 4.33 | 4.54 | −0.21 | 1.2% | 32.4% | 66.4% |
| Pannus | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [49] | 0.7418 | 0.296 (−1.06–1.65) | 3.54 | 3.63 | −0.01 | 10.7% | 59.1% | 39.9% |
| Pirollo | Siemens VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 (kPCR) | [50] | 0.7697 | −0.318 (−2.06–1.42) | 3.57 | 3.25 | 0.33 | 13.3% | 44.9% | 41.8% |
| Pollack | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 SPEX | [51] | 0.3701 | 1.813 (−0.91–4.54) | 1.72 | 3.73 | −2.01 | 34.5% | 50.4% | 15.1% |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [51] | 0.6083 | 0.382 (−1.58–2.34) | 3.06 | 3.30 | −0.24 | 14.2% | 64.0% | 21.8% | |
| Reigadas | Biocentric | [52] | 0.1312 | −0.536 (−4.83–3.76) | 4.10 | 3.99 | 0.11 | 14.0% | 32.6% | 53.5% |
| Rottinghaus | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v1.1 | [53] | 0.7527 | 0.054 (−1.36–1.47) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 85.0% | 7.5% | 7.5% |
| Rutstein—capillary | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [54] | 0.81 | NR | 1.14 | |||||
| venous | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [54] | 0.8649 | NR | 1.14 | |||||
| Sahoo | Hologic Aptima | [55] | −0.075 (−0.62–0.48) | |||||||
| Sawadogo | Roche COBAS Amplicor v1.5/TaqMan v2 | [56] | 0.3651 | 1.715 (−1.20–4.63) | 1.51 | 3.76 | −2.26 | 39.9% | 44.6% | 15.6% |
| Schmitz | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [57] | 0.07–0.09 | |||||||
| Siemens | Siemens VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 (kPCR) | 0.7830 | 0.002 (−1.24–1.24) | 3.63 | 3.68 | −0.05 | 0.0% | 67.4% | 32.6% | |
| Taieb | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [58] | 0.8432 | 0.090 (−0.82–0.99) | 3.22 | 4.30 | −1.08 | 58.6% | 25.3% | 16.2% |
| Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 one-spot | [58] | 0.7631 | −0.001 (−0.08–0.08) | 0.61 | 0.62 | −0.01 | 34.8% | 65.2% | 0.0% | |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [58] | 0.6393 | −2.090 (−4.44–0.26) | 2.78 | 0 | 2.78 | 41.9% | 39.9% | 18.2% | |
| Tang | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 one-spot | [59] | 0.9166 | 0.087 (−0.53–0.71) | 4.29 | 4.02 | 0.27 | 65.0% | 12.3% | 22.7% |
| Tariro Makadzange | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [60] | 0.782 | −1.07 (−0.06–2.16) | 5.33 | 4.26 | 1.07 | 58.1% | ||
| Toure Kane | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 | [34] | 0.9334 | −0.108 (−1.02–0.80) | 3.76 | 3.60 | 0.16 | 14.6% | 41.5% | 43.9% |
| Uttayamakul | bioMerieux NucliSens HIV-1 QT | [61] | 0.667 | 0.17 | ||||||
| van Deursen | bioMerieux NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0 | [62] | 0.7750 | −0.544 (-2.24–1.15) | 1.91 | 0.00 | 1.91 | 33.0% | 49.5% | 17.4% |
| Vidya | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [63] | 0.7069 | −0.141 (−1.61–1.32) | 4.37 | 4.39 | −0.02 | 0.0% | 39.0% | 61.0% |
| Viljoen | Biocentric | [64] | 0.5958 | 0.277 (−0.64–1.20) | 4.33 | 4.65 | −0.32 | 0.0% | 29.7% | 70.3% |
| Waters | Roche COBAS TaqMan RT-PCR | [65] | 0.8402 | 0.209 (−1.33–1.75) | 3.24 | 2.74 | 0.50 | 81.3% | 9.7% | 9.0% |
| Wu | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | [66] | 0.8003 | −1.055 (−3.07–0.96) | 3.24 | 0.00 | 3.24 | 81.3% | 9.7% | 9.0% |
| Yapo | Biocentric | [67] | 0.92 | 0.65 (−1.35–0.06) | 0.77 | |||||
| Yek | Hologic Aptima | [68] | 0.7418 | 0.075 (−1.56–1.71) | 3.34 | 3.49 | −0.15 | 59.6% | 26.9% | 13.5% |
| Zeh | Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 | [69] | 0.8840 | 0.264 (−1.33–1.86) | 3.68 | 4.45 | −0.77 | 23.0% | 34.5% | 42.5% |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 | [69] | 0.6368 | 1.002 (−1.80–3.81) | 4.01 | 4.36 | −0.35 | 25.0% | 25.0% | 50.0% | |
| Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | 0.6210 | −0.364 (−2.44–1.71) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63.2% | 28.1% | 8.8% | ||
| Zhang | Roche COBAS Ampliprep/TaqMan v2 FVE | 0.8615 | −0.058 (−1.67–1.56) | 1.40 | 0.00 | 1.40 | 48.3% | 22.5% | 29.2% | |
| Zinyowera | Roche COBAS TaqMan RT-PCR | [43] | 0.3080 | 0.573 (−2.01–3.51) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 89.9% | 5.5% | 4.6% |
NR: not reported.
Gray shading: studies included in the meta-analysis.