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. 2022 Sep 5;29(1):2855–2867. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2116129

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Bee venom-loaded microneedle patches utilized in the experiment. (A) Needle array on the MN surface. (B) We chose melittin as the marker compound for analysis of bee venom pharmacokinetics. Total ion Chromatogram display of melittin standard compound. We analyze the peak Rt = 7.04 min and showed the representative un-fragmented mass spectrometry profile to confirm as the Melittin peaks: [M + 3H]3+ m/z = 948.59, [M + 4H]4+ m/z = 712.9, Melittin [M + 5H]5+ m/z = 570.16, and Melittin [M + 6H]6+ m/z = 475.30 (Hematyar et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2020). These are standard data for the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of bee venom in all plasma and brain extracts via MN patch samples. (C) Stability of melittin, the main component of the bee venom in the MN.