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. 2022 Sep 5;29(1):2855–2867. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2116129

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — In experiment 1, the effect of scopolamine and bee venom treatments on brain oxidative and ATP indexes were surveyed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48 hours after treatment. For each time point, 4 mice from each group were sacrificed and their brains were collected and processed for mass spectroscopy analysis and biochemical assays. (A) Melittin concentrations in blood plasma. (B) Melittin concentrations in brain tissue. (C) Brain tissue ROS index. (D) Correlation between melittin concentration in the brain tissue and ROS level inhibition rate. (E) Brain tissue MDA index. (F) Correlation between melittin concentration in the brain tissue and MDA level inhibition rate. (G) ATP level in the brain tissue. (H) Behavior index of mice tested in an open field maze, the times that the mice enter the center zone were recorded as the index to represent locomotor function, and which is directly related with CNS status. SC1, bee venom subcutaneous 1 mg/kg; MN3, applied with 3 × bee venom patches (total 3 mg/kg); MN2, applied with 2 × bee venom patches (total 2 mg/kg); MN1, applied with 1 × bee venom patch (total 1 mg/kg). ^#p < .01 compared with Naive group; *p < .05 compared with the Scopolamine group; **p < .01 compared with the Scopolamine group.