Table 3.

Participants’ responses for work obligation variables with comparison by male versus female sex

Potential barrier	Total		Male		Female		Chi-square	df	Adjusted P value†
	n	%∗	n	%	n	%
Lack of appropriate PPE
Not obligated	189	62.6	86	52.4	101	75.4	16.59	1	< .001
Obligated	113	37.4	78	47.6	33	24.6
Some coworkers became infected with COVID-19
Not obligated	159	52.8	74	45.4	81	60.4	6.67	1	.02
Obligated	142	47.2	89	54.6	53	39.6
Mistrust information coming from the employer
Not obligated	158	52.7	75	45.7	79	59.8	5.83	1	.03
Obligated	142	47.3	89	54.3	53	40.2
Did not receive appropriate training for COVID-19
Not obligated	160	53.5	77	47.2	79	59.8	4.65	1	.06
Obligated	139	46.5	86	52.8	53	40.2
No vaccine or effective treatment for COVID-19
Not obligated	118	39.6	53	32.7	63	47.7	6.86	1	.02
Obligated	180	60.4	109	67.3	69	52.3
Need to take care of a sick family member
Not obligated	142	47.7	66	40.5	74	56.5	7.45	1	.01
Obligated	156	52.3	97	59.5	57	43.5

PPE, personal protective equipment.

^∗Missing participants were not included, and valid percentages were used.

^†Chi-square test was used with Bonferroni correction to adjust P- value.