TABLE 1.
Summary of direct and indirect SIRTI activators with therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
| Therapy | Cell types | Inhibition of HMGB1 | Activated transcription factor | Main outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ω-3 PUFA | Microglia | Acetylation | SIRT1 | Produce neuroprotective effects for experimental traumatic brain injury | Chen et al. (2017), Chen et al. (2018a), Chen et al. (2018b) |
| Oleanolic acid | Brain injury cells in rats | Transfer | SIRT1 | Play an anti-inflammatory role to alleviate early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage | Han et al. (2021) |
| Baicalin | Microglia | Release | SIRT1 | Reduce microglia-associated neuro inflammation and improved cute neurocognitive deficits in LPS-induced mice | Li et al. (2020) |
| Aloin | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells | Release | SIRT1 | Treat severe vascular inflammatory diseases like sepsis and septic shock | Yang et al. (2019) |
| Kaempferol | Lung suffered I/R | Release | SIRT1 | Improve the lung pathological injury and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors | Yang et al. (2020a) |
| Chrysophanol | Heart tissue | Activation | SIRT1 | Attenuate DM-induced heart damage and inflammation of the heart | Xue et al. (2019) |
| Polydatin | HK-2 cells | Release | SIRT1 | Attenuate rats’ renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, protect renal function and prolong survival in haemorrhagic shock rats | Xu et al. (2019b) |
| Salvianolic acid B | Hepatocytes | Release | SIRT1 | Attenuate HFD-induced | Meng et al. (2020) |
| Liver damage, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation | |||||
| PKA | Retinal endothelial Cells | Translocation | SIRT1 | Reduce HMGB1-induced retinal inflammation | Liu et al. (2018) |
| Resveratrol | Microglia | Release | SIRT1 | Exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the inflammatory response of microglia | Le et al. (2019) |
| Murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells with LPS | Expression | SIRT1 | Antagonize the inflammatory effects of LPS for anti-inflammation effects | Yu et al. (2019), Nebbioso et al. (2020) | |
| Salidroside | LPS-treated macrophages | Translocation | SIRT1 | Protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury and mortality | Lan et al. (2017) |
| Cilostazol | RA fibroblasts | Expression | SIRT1 | Inhibit HMVECs tube formation | Kim et al. (2014) |
| Epac1 | Retinal endothelial cells | Acetylation | SIRT1 | Reduce key inflammatory cascades in the retina | Jiang et al. (2018d) |
| Emodin | Murine alveolar epithelial cell | Expression | SIRT1 | Alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury | Liu et al. (2022) |
| Melatonin | Murine BV2 microglia cell | Release | SIRT1 | Ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial inflammation | Chibaatar et al. (2021) |
| Oleanolic acid | Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage rat model | Translocation | SIRT1 | Alleviate early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage | Han et al. (2021) |
ω-3 PUFA, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; DM, diabetes mellitus; HK-2, human proximal tubular epithelial-2; HFD, high-fat diet; PKA, protein kinase A; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; HMVECs, human microvascular endothelial cells; EPAC1, exchange protein activated by cAMP 1.