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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 28.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2022 Mar 7;128(12):2498–2509. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521005122

Table 2.

Energy intake and HEI-2010 scores in adults randomized to either 150, 225, or 300 mins/wk of exercise across a 12-month weight maintenance period.

Total
sample
(n = 224)
150
min/wk
(n = 72)
225
min/wk
(n = 77)
300
min/wk
(n = 75)
Group
Effect
Group-by-
Time Effect
Cumulative
MVPA
Energy Intake −57.6 (58.1) −12.3 (6.5) 1.08 (0.51)
(kcals/day) 16.4 (58.5) −3.2 (6.6)
0 mos. 1321 ± 293 1340 ± 307 1283 ± 252 1340 ± 318
6 mos. 1637 ± 494 1665 ± 513 1527 ± 449 1731 ± 510
12 mos. 1568 ± 470 1639 ± 479 1449 ± 414 1631 ± 501
Total HEI-Score 0.75 (1.08) −0.12 (0.16) −0.02 (0.01)
(Potential Max Score 100) 0.59 (1.10) −0.07 (0.16)
0 mos. 58.8 ± 7.6 58.4 ± 7.3 58.9 ± 8.6 59.2 ± 7.0
6 mos. 59.2 ± 8.4 58.0 ± 7.4 59.9 ± 8.3 59.5 ± 9.2
12 mos. 59.1 ± 7.5 60.0 ± 7.9 58.4 ±6.3 59.2 ± 8.4
Total Fruit 0.002 (0.16) −0.001 (0.02) −0.0012
(Potential Max Score 5) −0.11 (0.16) 0.01 (0.02) (0.0014)
0 mos. 2.81 ± 1.20 2.75 ± 1.10 2.87 ± 1.28 2.81 ± 1.24
6 mos. 2.91 ± 1.19 2.97 ± 1.14 3.02 ± 1.23 2.74 ± 1.19
12 mos. 2.84 ± 1.15 2.85 ± 1.20 2.78 ± 1.06 2.91 ± 1.23
Whole Fruit −0.001 (0.17) −0.001 (0.02) −0.001
(Potential Max Score 5) −0.03 (0.17) 0.0001 (0.02) (0.0014)
0 mos. 3.39 ± 1.24 3.26 ± 1.15 3.47 ± 1.32 3.42 ± 1.23
6 mos. 3.53 ± 1.21 3.59 ± 1.21 3.58 ± 1.23 3.43 ± 1.18
12 mos. 3.41 ± 1.15 3.47 ± 1.18 3.37 ± 1.01 3.40 ± 1.27
Total Vegetables −0.07 (0.13) 0.02 (0.02) 0.0007
(Potential Max Score 5) −0.17 (0.13) 0.03 (0.02) (0.001)
0 mos. 3.80 ± 0.96 3.94 ± 0.96 3.81 ± 0.93 3.65 ± 0.98
6 mos. 3.63 ± 1.01 3.61 ± 1.03 3.59 ± 1.01 3.70 ± 1.00
12 mos. 3.90 ± 0.80 3.81 ± 0.80 4.01 ± 0.70 3.88 ± 0.91
Greens and Beans −0.13 (0.18) 0.016 (0.03) −0.00005
(Potential Max Score 5) −0.17 (0.18) 0.01 (0.03) (0.002)
0 mos. 2.48 ± 1.40 2.56 ± 1.35 2.46 ± 1.50 2.43 ± 1.36
6 mos. 2.43 ± 1.34 2.34 ± 1.25 2.58 ± 1.40 2.36 ± 1.37
12 mos. 2.54 ± 1.36 2.47 ± 1.30 2.67 ± 1.26 2.47 ± 1.51
Refined Grains 0.24 (0.27) −0.05 (0.04) −0.003
(Potential Max Score 10) −0.05 (0.27) 0.001 (0.04) (0.002)
0 mos. 7.38 ± 1.94 7.4 ± 1.98 7.5 ± 2.05 7.23 ± 1.81
6 mos. 7.58 ± 2.03 7.51 ± 2.04 7.66 ± 1.97 7.55 ± 2.11
12 mos. 7.44 ± 1.92 7.58 ± 1.64 7.09 ± 2.10 7.68 ± 1.92
Whole Grains 0.64 (0.31) −0.06 (0.04) −0.002
(Potential Max Score 10) 0.40 (0.32) −0.002 (0.05) (0.003)
0 mos. 4.36 ± 2.37 3.99 ± 2.67 4.52 ± 2.30 4.58 ± 2.09
6 mos. 4.16 ± 2.35 3.46 ± 2.39 4.41 ± 2.29 4.52 ± 2.36
12 mos. 4.14 ± 2.38 4.24 ± 2.70 3.92 ± 2.00 4.29 ± 2.48
Dairy −0.09 (0.29) 0.02 (0.04) −0.0006
(Potential Max Score 10) 0.11 (0.29) 0.004 (0.04) (0.002)
0 mos. 5.36 ± 2.16 5.50 ± 1.89 5.24 ± 2.39 5.33 ± 2.19
6 mos. 5.60 ± 2.29 5.28 ± 2.29 5.29 ± 2.33 6.24 ± 2.13
12 mos. 5.59 ± 1.96 5.56 ± 1.88 5.69 ± 2.04 5.49 ± 1.98
Total Protein Foods −0.14 (0.10) 0.01 (0.015) −0.0004
(Potential Max Score 5) 0.003 (0.11) 0.0002 (0.02) (0.0008)
0 mos. 4.29 ± 0.74 4.30 ± 0.80 4.22 ± 0.80 4.36 ± 0.60
6 mos. 4.13 ± 0.83 4.14 ± 0.83 4.1 ± 0.81 4.16 ± 0.85
12 mos. 4.31 ± 0.76 4.26 ± 0.76 4.33 ± 0.71 4.32 ± 0.81
Seafood and Plant Protein 0.12 (0.17) −0.03 (0.023) 0.0005
(Potential Max Score 5) 0.26 (0.17) −0.04 (0.024) (0.0015)
0 mos. 1.64 ± 1.23 1.45 ± 1.23 1.61 ± 1.27 1.85 ± 1.18
6 mos. 1.59 ± 1.21 1.76 ± 1.14 1.56 ± 1.29 1.47 ± 1.19
12 mos. 1.75 ± 1.36 1.97 ± 1.48 1.50 ± 1.22 1.81 ± 1.38
Fatty Acids 0.09 (0.30) −0.014 (0.042) −0.0007
(Potential Max Score 10) 0.17 (0.30) −0.02 (0.043) (0.003)
0 mos. 4.98 ± 2.10 4.91 ± 1.85 4.94 ± 2.38 5.07 ± 2.07
6 mos. 4.80 ± 2.23 4.50 ± 2.18 5.00 ± 2.41 4.85 ± 2.08
12 mos. 5.13 ± 2.17 5.33 ± 1.99 5.07 ± 1.95 5.02 ± 2.56
Sodium 0.06 (0.25) −0.07 (0.035) −0.006
(Potential Max Score 10) −0.13 (0.25) −0.02 (0.036) (0.002)
0 mos. 2.61 ± 1.83 2.74 ± 2.07 2.67 ± 1.71 2.43 ± 1.69
6 mos. 3.13 ± 1.97 3.35 ± 2.09 3.24 ± 2.09 2.80 ± 1.69
12 mos. 2.81 ± 1.79 3.27 ± 1.99 2.27 ± 1.42 2.98 ± 1.86
Empty Calories 0.004 (0.39) 0.03 (0.056) −0.007
(Potential Max Score 20) 0.30 (0.40) −0.04 (0.056) (0.003)
0 mos. 15.72 ± 3.07 15.6 ± 2.96 15.6 ± 3.40 16.0 ± 2.85
6 mos. 15.71 ± 3.05 15.5 ± 2.92 15.9 ± 3.27 15.7 ± 3.00
12 mos. 15.27 ± 3.16 15.2 ± 3.29 15.7 ± 2.99 14.9 ± 3.24

Values for the Group and Group-by-time interaction are listed as first row (225 min/wk relative to 150 min/wk) and second row (300 min/wk relative to 150 min/wk). The models are adjusted for sex and age and have a random intercept for each subject.