Table 3.
Frequency of traumatic events and mean somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) scores
| Traumatic event | Yes | No | Categorization | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1) Serious natural disaster | 49 | 31.8 | 105 | 68.2 | - |
| 2) Serious accident or injury | 82 | 53.2 | 72 | 46.8 | - |
| 3) Being robbed through the use of threats, force, or a weapon | 47 | 30.5 | 107 | 69.5 | - |
| 4) Being hit, slapped, kicked, or beaten up by someone in your family | 70 | 45.5 | 84 | 54.5 | Physical assault |
| 5) Being hit, slapped, kicked, or beaten up by someone not in your family | 35 | 22.7 | 119 | 77.3 | Physical assault |
| 6) Saw someone in your family attacked, hit, slapped, kicked, or beaten | 69 | 44.8 | 85 | 55.2 | Witness of violence |
| 7) Saw someone in your community that was attacked, hit, slapped, kicked, or beaten up | 64 | 41.6 | 90 | 58.4 | Witness of violence |
| 8) Adult touched your private parts when they were not supposed to | 51 | 33.1 | 103 | 66.9 | Sexual assault |
| 9) Someone forced or pressured you to have relations when you could not say no | 47 | 30.5 | 107 | 69.5 | Sexual assault |
| 10) Sudden, unexpected death of someone close to you | 77 | 50.0 | 77 | 50.0 | - |
| 11) Being attacked, stabbed, shot at, or seriously injured | 18 | 11.7 | 136 | 88.3 | Physical assault |
| 12) Saw someone else attacked, stabbed, shot at, seriously injured, or killed | 35 | 22.7 | 119 | 77.3 | Witness of violence |
| 13) Medical procedure that caused a lot of stress or fear | 84 | 54.6 | 70 | 45.4 | - |
| 14) Exposure to a war zone | 17 | 11.0 | 137 | 89.0 | - |
| Physical assault | 83 | 53.9 | 71 | 46.1 | 4, 5, 11 |
| Sexual assault | 61 | 39.6 | 93 | 60.4 | 8, 9 |
| Witness of violence | 98 | 63.6 | 56 | 36.4 | 6, 7, 12 |
| Any trauma | 149 | 96.8 | 5 | 3.3 | |