Effects of three doses of atypical antidepressant compounds (ketamine and Hyp + Lan) on the morphologies and densities of dendritic spines in the Hp in mice subjected to CRS, or CRS + ZnD. (A) Experimental schedule. (B) Representative confocal images of DiI-stained dendrite fragments. Changes in the shape and density of spines in the (C) Hp of mice. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed by (C–F) Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test or (G) one-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test. * p < 0.05 vs Con, @ p < 0.05 vs CRS + ZnD, # p < 0.05 vs CRS. Hp: [morphology: Con: n mice = 5, n dendrites = 76, n spines = 6286; CRS: n mice = 5, n dendrites = 60, n spines = 4760; CRS + Hyp + Lan: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 44, n spines = 3297; CRS + Ket: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 67, n spines = 5064; CRS + ZnD: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 59, n spines = 4427; CRS + ZnD + Hyp + Lan: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 61, n spines = 4863; CRS + ZnD + Ket: n mice = 3, n dendrites = 60, n spines = 4937; density: Con: n mice = 5, n dendrites = 76, total dendrite length = 5009 μm; CRS: n mice = 5, n dendrites = 60, total dendrite length = 3896 μm; CRS + Hyp + Lan: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 44, total dendrite length = 3010 μm; CRS + Ket: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 67, total dendrite length = 4651 μm; CRS + ZnD: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 59, total dendrite length = 3908 μm; CRS + ZnD + Hyp + Lan: n mice = 4, n dendrites = 59, total dendrite length = 4054 μm; CRS + ZnD + Ket: n mice = 3, n dendrites = 60, total dendrite length = 4040 μm]. Con: control, ZnD: zinc deficient diet, Ket: ketamine, Hyp: hyperforin, Lan: lanicemine.