Table 3.
PICRUSt-based examination of the gut bacterial functions among the three groups.
| Fcn | Fmild | Fmoderate | p-Value | CN vs Mild | CN vs Moderate | Mild vs Moderate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| medians (IQR) | medians (IQR) | medians (IQR) | p1 | p2 | p3 | |||
| Membrane Transport | 12.017 (11.444-13.145) | 13.047 (11.559-13.955) | 13.247 (11.928-14.182) | 0.044* | – | 0.037* | – | |
| Poorly Characterized | 5.045 (4.855-5.318) | 5.081 (4.916-5.417) | 5.267 (5.010-5.522) | 0.007** | – | 0.011* | – | |
| Genetic Information Processing | 2.830 (2.683-3.073) | 2.886 (2.738-3.165) | 3.119 (2.844-3.516) | 0.000** | – | 0.000** | 0.041* | |
| Metabolism | 2.751 (2.499-2.960) | 2.645 (2.476-2.876) | 2.851 (2.552-3.176) | 0.040* | – | – | – | |
| Infectious Diseases | 0.431 (0.381-0.479) | 0.434 (0.394-0.525) | 0.492 (0.417-0.578) | 0.004** | – | 0.005** | – | |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases | 0.115 (0.091-0.138) | 0.116 (0.081-0.157) | 0.132 (0.096-0.170) | 0.024* | – | – | – | |
| Cancers | 0.102 (0.092-0.119) | 0.106 (0.096-0.12) | 0.116 (0.102-0.131) | 0.014* | – | 0.028* | – | |
| Amino Acid Metabolism | 9.389 (8.970-9.765) | 9.297 (8.475-9.667) | 9.017 (8.285-9.466) | 0.013* | – | 0.014* | – | |
| Energy Metabolism | 5.663 (5.443-5.911) | 5.593 (5.172-5.986) | 5.396 (5.084-5.825) | 0.011* | – | 0.016* | – | |
| Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins | 4.245 (4.369-4.393) | 4.183 (4.012-4.393) | 4.127 (3.956-4.291) | 0.047* | – | – | – | |
| Biosynthesis of Other Secondary Metabolites | 0.948 (0.830-1.04) | 0.905 (0.751-0.988) | 0.846 (0.715-0.956) | 0.004** | – | 0.003** | – | |
| Replication and Repair | 8.250 (7.862-8.823) | 8.385 (7.486-8.888) | 7.920 (7.172-8.552) | 0.014* | – | – | 0.035* | |
| Translation | 5.063 (4.786-5.534) | 5.173 (4.502-5.695) | 4.859 (4.289-5.422) | 0.032* | – | – | – | |
| Nucleotide Metabolism | 3.813 (3.998-4.048) | 3.893 (3.553-4.048) | 3.735 (3.452-3.956) | 0.047* | – | – | – | |
| Signal Transduction | 1.734 (1.489-1.985) | 1.684 (1.397-2.303) | 1.984 (1.550-2.375) | 0.011* | – | – | 0.032* | |
| Cell Motility | 1.679 (1.275-1.932) | 1.484 (1.207-1.932) | 1.843 (1.509-2.282) | 0.034* | – | – | – | |
| Cell Growth and Death | 0.467 (0.433-0.493) | 0.476 (0.397-0.515) | 0.433 (0.352-0.492) | 0.038* | – | – | – | |
| Endocrine System | 0.292 (0.249-0.334) | 0.292 (0.233-0.326) | 0.263 (0.221-0.308) | 0.029* | – | 0.033* | – |
PICRUSt-based examination of the fecal bacterial functions among the three groups.
Comparisons between the groups for each KEGG functional category (levels 2) are shown by medians (IQR). p-value was calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis test among the three groups. p1, p2, and p3 adjusted for significance with Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. Fcn, feces of normal cognition controls; Fmild, feces of mild AD; Fmoderate, feces of moderate AD. *p <0.05, **p <0.01.