FIGURE 2.

Percentage of European passerine species with pre‐alternate molt in relation to (a) migratory behavior (1 = resident; 2 = resident to short‐distance, resident to partially migratory, or resident to eruptive; 3 = altitudinal, short‐distance, partial migrant, or resident to migratory; 4 = migratory to short‐distance, or migratory to resident; 5 = migratory), (b) type of habitat (1 = desert; 2 = savannah, steppe, cliffs, or high mountain; 3 = scrub, tundra, or grassland; 4 = riparian area, groves, or wetland; 5 = open woodland; 6 = forest), (c) aerial foraging (0 = unimportant; 1 = important; 2 = the most important foraging technique), and (d) winter gregariousness (1 = territorial; 2 = nongregarious; 3 = moderately gregarious; 4 = gregarious). Feather molt in November or December was considered pre‐alternate.