TABLE 1.

Basic characteristics of included trials.

Author	Country	Number of patients	Male,%	Age	Weight (kg)	Surgical procedures	Dexmedetomidine infusion method	CPB time (min)	Aortic clamping time (min)	Method of AKI assessment
Jo et al. (18)	Korea	29	62.1	1–6 years	11.45	Repair of ASD or VSD	Loading dose: 0.5 μg/kg was infused over 10 min from anesthesia induction Maintaining dose: 0.5 μg/kg/h to the end of CPB	106.5	68	AKIN
Kim et al. (19)	Korea	139	62.6	< 7 years	10.05	Cardiac surgery with CPB	Loading dose: 1 μg/kg over 10 min after the induction of anesthesia Maintaining dose: 1.5 μg/kg/h during surgery, and 1 μg/kg after CPB initiation	145.1	87.8	KDIGO
Kwiatkowski et al. (20)	United States	204	57	< 18 years	7	Cardiac surgery with CPB	Infusion initiated on any dose or duration within 24 h after surgery	121	58.5	KDIGO
Ming et al. (21)	China	90	57.8	1–6 years	12.7	Repair of ASD or VSD	From the onset of anesthesia until the end of the operation: 1) 0.2μg/kg/h; 2) 0.4μg/kg/h	74.6	37.7	KDIGO
Xie et al. (22)	China	168	48.8	1–6 years	_	Repair of ASD or VSD	Loading dose: 0.1μg/kg at 15 min before anesthesia induction Maintaining dose: 0.5 μg/kg/h until 12 h after operation	107.02	67.35	KDIGO

ASD, atrial septal defect; VSD, ventricular septal defect; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, acute kidney injury network; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes.