TABLE 5.
The final 20 ranked consensus variables associated with HAND status.
| Rank | VDT variable description | Type | Driving domain(s) assessed | Cognitive domains that were statistically associated with the VDT variable in this analysis (Note: Bolded domains indicate statistical significance maintained after a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons) |
| 1 | Mean forward jerk while traversing an inactive railroad crossing | Zonal |
Primary: Vehicle control Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Language |
| 2 | Number of collisions with vehicles from sides or behind | Global |
Primary: Vehicle control |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function Language Visuospatial memory |
| 3 | Maximum lane deviation of vehicle driving along a curve with an active school playground on the right side | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Attention and working memory Executive function |
| 4 | Median lane deviation of driver vehicle traversing a 4-way traffic-light-controlled intersection instructed to make a left turn | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Gap selection Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory |
| 5 | Mean forward acceleration while traversing an inactive railroad crossing | Zonal |
Primary: Vehicle control Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Language |
| 6 | Number of collisions with other vehicles (all orientations of vehicle-to-vehicle collisions). | Global |
Primary: Vehicle control |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function Verbal memory |
| 7 | Number of collisions with static objects | Global |
Primary: Vehicle control |
Motor function Executive function |
| 8 | VDT Error Score (a linear combination of serious error counts along the entire VDT route) | Global |
Primary: Vehicle control Hazard anticipation and response Gap selection Speed management Communication and right of way Attention maintenance |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function Verbal memory |
| 9 | Minimum difference of vehicle speed relative to posted speed limit while traversing a speed-reduction construction zone | Zonal |
Primary: Speed management Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Motor function Executive function Verbal memory Visuospatial memory |
| 10 | Minimum forward acceleration while traversing an inactive railroad crossing | Zonal |
Primary: Vehicle control Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Attention and working memory Verbal memory |
| 11 | Maximum forward jerk of vehicle while traversing an inactive railroad crossing | Zonal |
Primary: Vehicle control Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Attention and working memory Verbal memory |
| 12 | Standard deviation of heading misalignment with road following direction while traversing a 4-way traffic-light-controlled intersection instructed to make a right turn |
Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Gap selection Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function |
| 13 | Minimum signed distance from road center (negative values indicate driving on the left side of the road, potentially into oncoming traffic, over the median) | Global |
Primary: Road positioning |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function |
| 14 | Standard deviation of steering wheel while an active-moving ambulance approaching from behind | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Vehicle control Hazard anticipation and response Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function |
| 15 | % Time driven ≤ 15 mph below posted speed limit while traversing a traffic-light-controlled 4-way intersection instructed to make a left turn onto main arterial | Zonal |
Primary: Speed management Secondary: Gap selection Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function Verbal memory |
| 16 | Number of vehicle teleports (vehicle returned back to a starting position after a significant deviation from the planned route) | Global |
Primary: Attention maintenance |
Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function |
| 17 | Minimum steering wheel rotation while an active-moving ambulance approaching from behind | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Vehicle control Hazard anticipation and response Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory Visuospatial memory |
| 18 | % Time driven ≤ 10 mph below posted speed limit while traversing an 4-way stop sign-controlled intersection, instructed to make a right turn | Zonal |
Primary: Speed management Secondary: Gap selection Communication and right of way |
Attention and working memory Executive function Verbal memory |
| 19 | Maximum heading misalignment with road following direction while an active-moving ambulance approaching from behind | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response Communication and right of way |
Processing speed Attention and working memory Motor function Executive function Language |
| 20 | Mean heading misalignment with road following direction while traversing a speed-reduction school zone | Zonal |
Primary: Road positioning Secondary: Hazard anticipation and response |
Attention and working memory Executive function |