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. 2022 Aug 19;37(4):608–616. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.1546

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Copyright © 2022 Korean Endocrine Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — Cavernous sinus exploration. (A) Endoscopic view of the sella and the cavernous sinus (cadaver head) showing the pituitary gland, stalk, inferior parasellar ligament (IPL), and caroticoclinoid ligament (CCL). (B) Intraoperative photo after releasing the medial cavernous sinus wall exposing the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) inside. (C) Preoperative magnetic resonance image shows pituitary adenoma involving left cavernous sinus. (D) After opening the inferior intercavernous sinus, the medial cavernous sinus wall was dissected to gain access to the cavernous sinus in this patient. Paraclinoid ICA is identified inside the cavernous sinus.