Table 2.
Bivariate multinomial regression associations between sociodemographics and risk factors and drinking intensity among US young adults reporting any past 2-week alcohol use, 2019
| Binge-only (vs. Moderate) | HID (vs. Moderate) | HID (vs. Binge-only) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | p | OR | (95% CI) | p | OR | (95% CI | p | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Male | 0.69 | (0.55, 0.87) | 0.002 | 1.36 | (1.00, 1.85) | 0.050 | 1.96 | (1.44, 2.68) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 0.74 | (0.56, 0.99) | 0.039 | 0.44 | (0.29, 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.60 | (0.39, 0.92) | 0.019 |
| Non-Hispanic White | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Other | 0.55 | (0.39, 0.78) | 0.001 | 0.35 | (0.21, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.63 | (0.36, 1.08) | 0.095 |
| College attendancea | |||||||||
| Not a student | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Attending 2-year/vo-tech | 1.44 | 0.98, 2.12 | 0.064 | 0.78 | 0.47, 1.31 | 0.350 | 0.54 | 0.31, 0.94 | 0.030 |
| Attending 4-year | 2.00 | 1.45, 2.74 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 1.02, 2.19 | 0.041 | 0.75 | 0.49, 1.14 | 0.175 |
| Relationship status | |||||||||
| Serious relationshipb | 0.70 | (0.55, 0.88) | 0.002 | 0.42 | (0.31, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.60 | (0.43, 0.84) | 0.002 |
| Other | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| None | 1.16 | (0.83, 1.62) | 0.386 | 0.85 | (0.57, 1.26) | 0.412 | 0.73 | (0.48, 1.11) | 0.142 |
| Part-time | 1.49 | (1.13, 1.98) | 0.005 | 0.66 | (0.47, 0.93) | 0.018 | 0.44 | (0.31, 0.63) | <0.001 |
| Full-time | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Perceived drinking norms | |||||||||
| Binge drinking norm | 1.16 | (1.06, 1.27) | 0.002 | 1.35 | (1.21, 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.17 | (1.05, 1.30) | 0.006 |
| HID norm | 1.04 | (0.94, 1.14) | 0.441 | 1.38 | (1.24, 1.53) | <0.001 | 1.33 | (1.19, 1.48) | <0.001 |
| Drinking motives | |||||||||
| Social | 1.69 | (1.50, 1.89) | <0.001 | 2.43 | (2.07, 2.86) | <0.001 | 1.44 | (1.23, 1.69) | <0.001 |
| Coping | 1.43 | (1.25, 1.63) | <0.001 | 1.45 | (1.23, 1.71) | <0.001 | 1.01 | (0.87, 1.19) | 0.857 |
| Enhancement | 1.51 | (1.35, 1.70) | <0.001 | 2.07 | (1.78, 2.41) | <0.001 | 1.37 | (1.18, 1.59) | <0.001 |
| Conformity | 1.40 | (1.15, 1.70 | 0.001 | 1.14 | (0.88, 1.48) | 0.314 | 0.82 | (0.64, 1.05) | 0.111 |
| Protective behavioral strategies | |||||||||
| Serious harm reduction | 1.01 | (0.89, 1.14) | 0.892 | 0.82 | (0.71, 0.95) | 0.009 | 0.82 | (0.70, 0.95) | 0.008 |
| Limiting/stopping drinking | 0.90 | (0.82, 0.99) | 0.036 | 0.64 | (0.56, 0.73) | <0.001 | 0.71 | (0.62, 0.81) | <0.001 |
| Manner of drinking | 0.78 | (0.71, 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.47 | (0.41, 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.60 | (0.52, 0.70) | <0.001 |
| Family history of drinking problems | |||||||||
| No first-degree relatives | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| 1+ first-degree relatives | 0.94 | (0.71, 1.25) | 0.679 | 2.16 | (1.57, 2.96) | <0.001 | 2.29 | (1.64, 3.18) | <0.001 |
| Mental health | |||||||||
| Depression symptomsc | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.04) | 0.066 | 1.05 | (1.03, 1.08) | <0.001 | 1.03 | (1.01, 1.06) | 0.013 |
| Anxiety symptomsd | 1.00 | (0.98, 1.03) | 0.740 | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.05) | 0.283 | 1.01 | (0.98, 1.04) | 0.426 |
| Substance use Cigarette smoking (30-day) | |||||||||
| None | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Any | 1.08 | (0.79, 1.46) | 0.633 | 1.58 | (1.10, 2.27) | 0.013 | 1.47 | (1.02, 2.12) | 0.041 |
| Use quantity | 1.13 | (0.92, 1.39) | 0.243 | 1.17 | (0.91, 1.51) | 0.221 | 1.04 | (0.81, 1.33) | 0.780 |
| Nicotine vaping (30-day) | |||||||||
| None | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Any | 1.78 | (1.41, 2.26) | <0.001 | 2.03 | (1.49, 2.78) | <0.001 | 1.14 | (0.82, 1.58) | 0.433 |
| Use frequency | 1.13 | (1.06, 1.19) | <0.001 | 1.32 | (1.23, 1.42) | <0.001 | 1.17 | (1.09, 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Marijuana use (30-day) | |||||||||
| None | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Any | 1.25 | (0.99, 1.58) | 0.058 | 1.50 | (1.11, 2.03) | 0.009 | 1.20 | (0.87, 1.64) | 0.265 |
| Use frequency | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.08) | 0.457 | 1.08 | (1.01, 1.16) | 0.020 | 1.06 | (0.99, 1.14) | 0.091 |
| Illicit drug usee (12-month) | |||||||||
| None | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||||
| Any | 1.05 | (0.77, 1.44) | 0.753 | 1.95 | (1.37, 2.79) | <0.001 | 1.86 | (1.29, 2.68) | 0.001 |
Notes: n(unwtd)=574-601. Drinking intensity defined using the maximum number of drinks per occasion in the past 2 weeks: moderate = 1-3 drinks for women/1-4 drinks for men; binge-only = 4-7/5-9; high-intensity = 8+/10+. Bold font indicates associations significant at p<.05 or stronger.
College attendance categories (1) included not attending, (2) attending 2-year or community college, or trade or vocational school, (3) attending 4-year college or university, or graduate or professional school.
Serious relationship status includes dating seriously, engaged, married, committed partner.
Depression symptom scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Anxiety symptom scores measured using the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7).
Illicit drug use prevalence indicates any past 12-month use of illicit drugs other than marijuana.