Table 1.
General characteristics of included studies.
| Source | City (country) | Sample (gender) | Mean age (years) ± standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joachims et al., 200327 | Haifa (Israel) | 66 patients | 41 |
| 33 in S group | 15–70 years (mean age: 41 years) | ||
| 33 in C group | |||
| Kharkeli et al., 200728 | Georgia (USA) | 52 patients (23 males; 29 females) | 32.6 (±11.1) – experimental group |
| Vitamin E: 23 | 29.0 (±10.3) – control group | ||
| Placebo: 29 | |||
| Polanski and Cruz 201326 | São Paulo (Brazil) | 120 patients (53 males; 67 females) | 74.3 ± 8.5 – ginkgo biloba group |
| 74.6 ± 5.4 – α-lipoic acid + Vitamin C group | |||
| Placebo: 30 | |||
| Ginkgo biloba: 30 | |||
| 30 α-lipoic acid + Vitamin C group | 71.2 ± 6.4 – papaverine hydrochloride + Vitamin E group | ||
| 30 papaverine hydrochloride + Vitamin E group | 75.4 ± 7.0 – placebo group | ||
| Doosti et al., 201424 | Teheran (Iran) | 48 workers (male) | 39.12 (±5) |
| NAC – 16 | 39.38 ± 6.2 – NAC group | ||
| Ginseng – 16 | 38.38 ± 4.4 – ginseng group | ||
| Control – 16 | 39.62 ± 4.6 – control group | ||
| Doosti et al., 201425 | Teheran (Iran) | 48 workers (male) | 39.12 (± 5) |
| NAC – 16 | 39.38 ± 6 – NAC group | ||
| Ginseng – 16 | 38.38 ± 4 – ginseng group | ||
| Control – 16 | 39.62 ± 4 – control group |
NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine.