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. 2022 Aug 24;10:990145. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.990145

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Copyright © 2022 Jia, Chen, Wang, Sun and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Uncoated NPs, without HA covering (B) HA-NPs at low magnification, (C) HA-NPs at higher magnification. (D) Naproxen release kinetics from HA-coated or uncoated NPs. (E) Percentage of positive cells for c6 and (F) the mean fluorescence intensity per cell (t-student, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). In vitro cytotoxicity of HA-NPs in cells with differential expression of CD44. (G) Percentage of cell viability of MCF-7 cells (high expression of CD44) after 72 h of treatment with different concentrations. (H) Cell viability experiments in HepG2 cells (low expression of CD44) using the same NPs. Cell viability assays by Alamar Blue in MCF-7, RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells treated with S-HA-NPs. (I) Percentage of viable MCF-7 cells relative to control (culture media of MCF-7 cells) after 72 h of treatment with different concentrations. (J) Percentage of cell viability in respect to controls (cells treated with culture media) after 72 h of treatment with different concentrations of S-HA-NPs(Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with *p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001). ELISA quantification of (K) PGE2 and (L)* VEGF released by MCF-7 cells after 72 h of treatment (Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with **p < 0.05). Wound healing assay in S-HA-NPs or free NAP treated MCF-7 cells. Effect of different concentrations of S-HA-NPs or free NAP on MCF-7 migration in vitro: (M) Inverted microscope images (20-fold magnification) of the wound at the beginning of the assay (0 h) and 24 h post-scratching and (N) Percentage of open wound after 24 h of treatment when compared to the original wound size (Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with *p < 0.01 and **p < 0.05). Reproduced with permission from ref (Liu et al., 2018a). CC BY 4.0. Copyright 2021 The Authors.