Proteolysis of β-casein by FtsH. In vitro kinetic degradation of β-casein (40 pmol), CII (68 pmol), and BSA (30 pmol) by GST-FtsH (14 pmol) was carried out at 42°C, and samples were taken at 30, 60, and 120 min. The proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE (4 to 20% polyacrylamide), visualized by Coomassie staining, and quantitated as described in Materials and Methods. Squares, BSA; triangles, β-casein; circles, CII.