TABLE 3.
Cottonseed Oil, n = 21 | Olive Oil, n = 22 | P Values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nutrient | Baseline | Intervention | Baseline | Intervention | Treatment | Visit | Treatment × Visit |
Energy, kcal | 2075 ± 187 | 2450 ± 110 | 2539 ± 191 | 2731 ± 283 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.56 |
Energy from protein, % | 15.6 ± 1.01 | 10.8 ± 0.27 | 14.6 ± 0.73 | 10.9 ± 0.36 | 0.51 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
Protein, g | 74.7 ± 4.99 | 65.7 ± 5.19 | 86.2 ± 5.86 | 78.3 ± 13.8 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.94 |
Energy from carbohydrate, % | 46.0 ± 2.16 | 39.2 ± 0.76 | 45.7 ± 2.08 | 38.9 ± 0.97 | 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
Carbohydrate, g | 239 ± 29.7 | 234 ± 11.6 | 283 ± 27.2 | 240 ± 12.5 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.30 |
Fiber, g | 19.8 ± 2.11 | 14.7 ± 1.12 | 22.0 ± 2.18 | 13.1 ± 0.65 | 0.87 | <0.001 | 0.20 |
Sugar, g | 93.0 ± 14.9 | 105 ± 5.46 | 106 ± 14.3 | 109 ± 8.10 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.56 |
Energy from fat, % | 35.5 ± 1.85 | 49.0 ± 0.79 | 37.2 ± 1.52 | 48.0 ± 0.82 | 0.82 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
Fat, g | 77.9 ± 7.36 | 128 ± 4.11 | 103 ± 8.96 | 146 ± 21.5 | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.77 |
Saturated fat, g | 26.3 ± 2.32 | 33.9 ± 1.30 | 33.9 ± 3.74 | 35.9 ± 6.18 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.42 |
Trans fat, g | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.67 | 0.32 | 0.21 |
Monounsaturated fat, g | 32.7 ± 3.90 | 31.4 ± 1.772 | 41.4 ± 4.45 | 86.3 ± 11.83 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fat, g | 18.0 ± 2.27 | 61.9 ± 1.722,3 | 26.7 ± 2.16 | 23.3 ± 3.48 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Omega-3 fatty acid, g | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
Omega-6 fatty acid, g | 16.1 ± 2.08 | 60.9 ± 1.682,3 | 23.7 ± 1.82 | 21.7 ± 3.29 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Energy from alcohol, % | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 0.69 | 0.007 | 0.06 |
Alcohol, g | 9.1 ± 3.5 | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 10 ± 4.1 | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
All values are means ± SEMs (n = 43). Baseline values represent averages of the 2 food diaries before the intervention. Intervention values represent an average of all food diaries kept during the 8-week intervention. Main and interaction effects were analyzed using a 2-way (treatment x time) repeated-measures ANOVA. CSO, cottonseed oil; OO, olive oil.
Significant difference between CSO compared with OO during the intervention at a P value < 0.05.
Significant difference between intervention compared with baseline within a group at a P value < 0.05.