TABLE 3.
Investigated biocompatibility, photothermal conversion efficiency, and the effect of MXene nanoplate cell ablation on different types of breast cancer cells.
| Composition | Wavelength | Photothermal conversion efficiency | Cell line | Result/biocompatibility | Strategy | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au/MXene | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 1W/cm2) | — | MCF-7 | In-vivo cytotoxicity measure utilizing zebrafish fetal displayed that Au/Fe3O4/MXene and AU/MXene had lower fetal murrain (LC» 1,000 µg/ml) than only MXene (LC = 257.46 µg/ml). Also, no apparent toxicity was observed for “without-Laser” indicating great bio-compatibility of nanocomposites | PTT | Hussein et al. (2019) |
| Au/Fe3O4/MXene | ||||||
| Ti3C2-IONPs-SPs | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 1.5W/cm2) | 48.6% | 4T1 | Ti3C2-IONPs-SPs have significant photothermal conversion efficiencies (48.6%) to decrease tumor tissues and kill cancer cells in-vitro and in vivo conditions | PTT | Liu et al. (2018b) |
| For Nanocomposite (Laser-free), no displayed cytotoxicity was observed | ||||||
| V2C-TAT@Ex-RGD | NIR-II (Laser 1,064 nm, 0.96W/cm2) | 45.05% | MCF-7 | Cell viability (>90%) for The V2C-TAT@Ex-RGD in different cells (MCF-7, NHDF and A549, in vitro) | PTT | Cao et al. (2019) |
| The V2C-TAT@Ex-RGD + Laser group showed substantial and effective suppression of tumor growth, and no recurrence occurred (in-vivo method) | ||||||
| V2C-NSs | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 0.48 W/cm2) | 48% | MCF-7 | Low toxicity in in-vitro method, V2C-NSs + Laser murdered approximately all cells (in-vivo) | PTT | Zada et al. (2020) |
| Nb2C-MSNs-SNO | NIR-II (Laser 1,064 nm, 1.5 W/cm2) | 39.09% | HUVEC, 4T1 | There is slight cytotoxicity to HUVEC and 4T1 cells, No chronic or acute response in-vivo. Optimal expulsion conduct, Nb2C-MSNs-SNO + Laser reduce tumor growth (in-vivo) | PTT | Yin et al. (2020) |
| Ti3C2-SPs | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 1W/cm2) | 74.6% | 4T1 | #0D0D0D; Ti3C2 is a drug delivery (DOX) nano-platform for effective chemotherapy with great photothermal transformation ability of Ti3C2 for tumor deracination by photothermal ablation (both in-vivo and in-vitro), with No chronic or acute response in-vivo. Optimal expulsion conduct | PTT/chemotherapy | Han et al. (2018) |
| Ti2C-PEG | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm) | 87.1% | MCF-7 non-malign MCF-10A | Fine bio-compatibility in-vitro, favorably effective cancer cell erosion, and well selectivity than malign cells | PTT/Photodynamic | Szuplewska et al. (2019a) |
| Nb2C-PVP | NIR-I (Laser 750–1,000 nm, 1W/cm2) and NIR-II (Laser 1,000–1,350 nm, 1W/cm2) | NIR-I = 36.4% | 4T1 | Nb2-PVP has little cytotoxicity (in-vitro) and great bio-compatibility | PTT | Lin et al. (2017) |
| NIR-II = 45.65% | PPT ablation and tumor deracination (performance effective in both NIR-II and NIR-I, in-vivo) | |||||
| HAP/CS/HA/MXene | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 2 W/cm2) | HAP/CS/HA/MXene = 13.76% | MCF-7 | Nanoplatforms have good bio-compatibility (in-vitro) and good photothermal transformation yields (in-vivo) with excellent potential for remote drug delivery (DOX) | PTT/drug delivery | Wu et al. (2021) |
| HAP/CS/HA/MXene/AuNRs | HAP/CS/HA/MXene/AuNRs = 20.42% | |||||
| Ti3C2-CoNWs | NIR-I (Laser 808 nm, 2 W/cm2) | 34.42% | 4T1 | Ti3C2-CoNWs nanocarriers show great photothermal transformation efficiency under Laser radiance and excellent medicine loading capacity (DOX, 225.05%) | Chemo-PTT/drug delivery | Liu et al. (2020b) |
| H-Ti3C2-PEG | NIR-II (Laser 1,064 nm, 1 W/cm2) | Ti3C2 = 50.8% H-Ti3C2-PEG = 49.6% |
4T1 | Nanoplatforms have good biocompability and stability (in-vitro and in-vivo) and could improve the SDT performance | PTT and SDT | Li et al. (2022) |
| It is important to note that H-Ti3C2-PEG is eliminated from the body. Furthermore, they arenot harmful long-term |