TABLE 3.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) cases from PubMed/MEDLINE.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 1,059) | SJS (n = 381) |
SJS-TEN Overlap (n = 76) | TEN (n = 602) | P-valuea |
| Age of onsetb (y), median (IQR) | 38 (19.75−59) | 32 (15−54) | 39 (23−58) | 41 (23−60.75) | <0.001 |
| Gender, femaleb | 557 (52.6) | 176 (46.3) | 43 (56.6) | 338 (56.1) | 0.007 |
| Raceb | 0.832 | ||||
| White | 105 (9.9) | 34 (8.9) | 8 (10.5) | 63 (10.5) | |
| Asian | 87 (8.2) | 28 (7.3) | 8 (10.5) | 51 (8.5) | |
| Black | 54 (5.1) | 22 (5.8) | 4 (5.3) | 28 (4.7) | |
| Hispanic | 11 (1.0) | 5 (1.3) | 2 (2.6) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Othersc | 7 (0.7) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Immunocompromised status | |||||
| Cancer | 194 (18.3) | 61 (16.0) | 11 (14.5) | 122 (20.3) | 0.163 |
| Cancer immunomodulatory therapy (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 inhibitor) | 35 (3.3) | 16 (4.2) | 2 (2.6) | 17 (2.8) | 0.473 |
| Autoimmune disease | 97 (9.2) | 28 (7.3) | 8 (10.5) | 61 (10.1) | 0.31 |
| HIV/AIDS | 52 (4.9) | 22 (5.8) | 1 (1.3) | 29 (4.8) | 0.256 |
| Pre-conditions | |||||
| Infections | 201 (19.0) | 83 (21.8) | 9 (11.8) | 103 (17.1) | 0.056 |
| Respiratory tract infections | 102 (9.6) | 48 (12.6) | 4 (5.3) | 50 (8.3) | 0.034 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections | 23 (2.2) | 20 (5.2) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy/seizure disorders | 102 (9.6) | 37 (9.7) | 10 (13.2) | 55 (9.1) | 0.533 |
| Hypertension | 92 (8.7) | 29 (7.6) | 6 (7.9) | 57 (9.5) | 0.636 |
| Cardiovascular/vascular conditions | 54 (5.1) | 15 (3.9) | 7 (9.2) | 32 (5.3) | 0.149 |
| Diabetes | 54 (5.1) | 17 (4.4) | 4 (5.3) | 33 (5.5) | 0.814 |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | 52 (4.9) | 18 (4.7) | 2 (2.6) | 32 (5.3) | 0.693 |
| Endocrine/hormonal conditions | 50 (4.7) | 20 (5.2) | 3 (3.9) | 27 (4.5) | 0.849 |
| Psychological conditions | 38 (3.6) | 13 (3.4) | 4 (5.3) | 21 (3.5) | 0.656 |
| Renal conditions | 34 (3.2) | 12 (3.1) | 1 (1.3) | 21 (3.5) | 0.73 |
| Substance use | 28 (2.6) | 9 (2.4) | 2 (2.6) | 17 (2.8) | 0.954 |
| Gastrointestinal conditions | 22 (2.1) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 18 (3.0) | 0.053 |
| Respiratory conditions (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) | 20 (1.9) | 10 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 9 (1.5) | 0.388 |
| Otherd | 27 (2.5) | 8 (2.1) | 2 (2.6) | 17 (2.8) | − |
| Clinical characteristics during the acute phase | |||||
| Involvement of mucous membrane | 842 (79.5) | 333 (87.4) | 70 (92.1) | 439 (72.9) | <0.001 |
| Involvement of visceral organs | 210 (19.8) | 56 (14.7) | 18 (23.7) | 136 (22.6) | 0.007 |
| Mortality | 187 (17.6) | 24 (6.3) | 16 (21.1) | 147 (24.4) | <0.001 |
| Medications listed as causative agents, No. (%) | 956 (90.3) | 319 (83.7) | 74 (97.4) | 563 (93.5) | <0.001 |
| 1e | 781 (73.7) | 266 (69.8) | 63 (82.9) | 451 (74.9) | 0.36 |
| 2 | 111 (10.5) | 38 (10.0) | 9 (11.8) | 64 (10.6) | |
| 3 | 39 (3.7) | 9 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 29 (4.8) | |
| 4 | 16 (1.5) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | 10 (1.7) | |
| 5 or more | 10 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.5) | |
| Non-drug listed as causative agents, No. (%) | 127 (12.0) | 71 (18.6) | 6 (7.9) | 50 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Non-drug causative agents only | 81 (7.6) | 52 (13.6) | 2 (2.6) | 27 (4.5) | − |
| 1 | 73 (6.9) | 48 (12.6) | 2 (2.6) | 23 (3.8) | |
| 2 or more | 8 (0.8) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Combined with drug causative agents | 46 (4.3) | 19 (5.0) | 4 (5.3) | 23 (3.8) | |
IQR, interquartile range; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
For continuous variables, the number (percentage) in bold indicates a significant difference between the cells detected by Dunn’s post hoc test. For categorical variables, the number (percentage) in bold indicates a significant adjusted residual for that cell (meaning that there were significantly more or fewer cases than what would be expected by chance).
aP-values were provided based on Kruskal-Wallis test for the continuous variable (age of onset) and Chi-square test for categorical variables.
bThe number of missing cases (age of onset = 7; gender = 3; race = 795).
cIncludes native American, Pacific Islander, mixed race.
dIncludes skin/cutaneous (n = 9), hereditary (n = 8), and neurological conditions (n = 10).
eThe numbers were calculated based on the annotated medications. Due to the variation of medications, this numbers can be under-counted.