TABLE 4.
Drug and non-drug allergens reported to cause SJS or TEN among reported cases from the literature.
| Allergena | Total (n = 1,059) | SJS (n = 381) | SJS-TEN Overlap (n = 76) | TEN (n = 602) | P-valueb |
| Drug Allergen | |||||
| Antibiotics | 285 (26.9) | 84 (22.1) | 20 (26.3) | 181 (30.1) | 0.022 |
| Sulfonamides | 108 (10.2) | 26 (6.8) | 5 (6.6) | 77 (12.8) | − |
| Penicillins | 60 (5.7) | 21 (5.5) | 6 (7.9) | 33 (5.5) | − |
| Quinolones | 35 (3.3) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (5.2) | 25 (4.2) | − |
| Macrolides | 25 (2.4) | 12 (3.2) | 1 (1.3) | 12 (2.0) | − |
| Vancomycin | 21 (2.0) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (2.6) | 17 (2.8) | − |
| Tetracycline | 11 (1.0) | 4 (1.1) | 1 (1.3) | 6 (1.0) | − |
| Other antibioticsa | 72 (6.8) | 19 (5.0) | 5 (6.6) | 48 (8.0) | − |
| Anticonvulsants | 196 (18.5) | 60 (15.7) | 19 (25.0) | 117 (19.4) | 0.111 |
| Phenytoin | 62 (5.7) | 16 (4.2) | 3 (3.9) | 43 (7.1) | − |
| Carbamazepine | 54 (5.1) | 15 (3.9) | 8 (10.5) | 31 (5.1) | − |
| Lamotrigine | 49 (4.6) | 20 (5.2) | 2 (2.6) | 27 (4.5) | − |
| Valproate | 16 (1.5) | 8 (2.1) | 2 (2.6) | 6 (1.0) | − |
| Other anticonvulsants | 32 (3.0) | 10 (2.6) | 5 (6.6) | 17 (2.8) | − |
| Analgesics/anesthetics | 126 (11.9) | 34 (8.9) | 14 (18.4) | 78 (13.0) | 0.031 |
| NSAIDs | 93 (8.8) | 24 (6.3) | 9 (11.8) | 60 (10.0) | − |
| Ibuprofen | 23 (2.2) | 6 (1.6) | 5 (6.6) | 12 (2.0) | − |
| Acetaminophen | 24 (2.3) | 5 (1.3) | 3 (3.9) | 16 (2.7) | − |
| Analgesic/antipyretics, non-salicylate | 37 (3.5) | 10 (2.6) | 6 (7.9) | 21 (3.5) | − |
| Other | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) | − |
| Antineoplastics | 119 (11.2) | 42 (11.0) | 10 (13.2) | 67 (11.1) | 0.858 |
| Systemic enzyme inhibitors (e.g., imatinib) | 24 (2.3) | 16 (4.2) | 1 (1.3) | 7 (1.2) | − |
| Antimetabolites (e.g., methotrexate) | 19 (1.8) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (3.9) | 13 (2.2) | − |
| Alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) | 15 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 11 (1.8) | − |
| Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitor combination (nivolumab) | 12 (1.1) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.3) | − |
| Immunomodulator agents (e.g., lenalidomide) | 11 (1.0) | 6 (1.6) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (0.7) | − |
| Other antineoplastics | 50 (4.7) | 12 (3.1) | 4 (5.3) | 34 (5.6) | − |
| Antiarthritics | 48 (4.5) | 14 (3.7) | 6 (7.9) | 28 (4.7) | 0.265 |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol) | 45 (4.2) | 14 (3.7) | 6 (7.9) | 25 (4.2) | − |
| Antivirals | 34 (3.2) | 14 (3.7) | 3 (3.9) | 17 (2.8) | 0.71 |
| HIV-specific antivirals (e.g., nevirapine) | 25 (2.4) | 12 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 13 (2.2) | − |
| Gastrointestinal drugs (e.g., sulfasalazine) | 34 (3.2) | 8 (2.1) | 2 (2.6) | 24 (4.0) | 0.251 |
| Psychotherapeutic drugs | 25 (2.4) | 12 (3.1) | 1 (1.3) | 12 (2.0) | 0.419 |
| Antidepressant | 11 (1.0) | 6 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | − |
| Anti-Infectives | 24 (2.3) | 12 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 12 (2.0) | 0.191 |
| Antimalarial drugs | 20 (1.9) | 11 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.5) | − |
| Antifungals | 20 (1.9) | 7 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 13 (2.2) | 0.426 |
| Cardiovascular drugs | 27 (2.5) | 8 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 19 (3.2) | 0.203 |
| Diuretics | 17 (1.6) | 7 (1.8) | 1 (1.3) | 9 (1.5) | 0.897 |
| Vitamin/herb | 15 (1.4) | 8 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (1.2) | 0.267 |
| Hormones | 14 (1.3) | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.5) | 0.561 |
| Glucocorticoids | 11 (1.0) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.3) | − |
| Biologicals/vaccine | 10 (0.9) | 6 (1.6) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) | 0.222 |
| Diagnostic (contrast medium) | 10 (0.9) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (2.6) | 5 (0.8) | 0.287 |
| Chemotherapy rescue/antidote agents | 8 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | 0.73 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 8 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.0) | 0.518 |
| Cough/cold preparations | 6 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.7) | 0.761 |
| Immunosuppressants | 6 (0.6) | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0.052 |
| Non-drug Allergen | |||||
| Infection | 68 (6.4) | 51 (13.4) | 2 (2.6) | 15 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Mycoplasma pneumonia infection | 44 (4.2) | 38 (10.0) | 2 (2.6) | 4 (0.7) | − |
| Radiotherapy | 27 (2.5) | 11 (2.9) | 2 (2.6) | 14 (2.3) | 0.861 |
| Chemical substance | 9 (0.8) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) | 0.36 |
| Others | 25 (2.4) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 20 (3.3) | − |
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
The number (percentage) in bold indicates a significant adjusted residual for that cell (meaning that there were significantly more or fewer cases than what would be expected by chance).
bP-values were provided based on Chi-square test for categorical variables.