Table 8.

ABMs selected for the assessment of injuries in pigs during preparation, transit and journey breaks

ABM	Definition and interpretation of the ABM
Skin lesions and wounds	Definition: Tissue damage such as bruises, scratches, and wounds (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2012). Interpretation: Damage may be caused by biting among pigs and sharp or abrasive structures in handling facilities or vehicles.
Lameness	Definition: Clinical manifestation of locomotory changes characterised by alterations from normal gait or posture and potential reduced mobility (Nalon et al., 2013) Interpretation: Most lameness is a consequence of pain but it can also occur from mechanical defects resulting in physical incapacity. Behavioural changes associated with lameness indicate attempts by the animal to protect the affected limb from pain and further injury. Lameness is relevant for the welfare of the pigs, not only as indicator of pain, but also reduces the capacity of the animal to cope with the environment (Dalmau et al., 2010).
Post‐mortem carcass lesions	Definition: Skin damages on carcases are assessed in the slaughterhouse subjectively along the dressing line by using different photographic scales. The assessment can be conducted as a whole or separately in different parts of the carcass, such as head/shoulder, middle/loin, and ham (Faucitano, 2001). Interpretation: Post‐mortem carcass lesions are considered as evidence of poor handling and inadequate facilities at farm and during all stages of loading/unloading.

ABM: animal‐based measure.