TABLE 1.
Baseline socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Control group1 (n = 24) mean (±SD) median (P25;P75) | Intervention group1 (n = 22) mean (±SD) median (P25;P75) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 56 (±8) 57 (51; 59) | 60 (±6) 60 (56; 66) | 0.057a |
| Disease duration (years) | 13 (±9) 13 (4; 20) | 14 (±8) 17 (5; 20) | 0.526a |
| Body mass and composition | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30 (±6) 29 (26; 34) | 29 (±4) 29 (25; 31) | 0.531a |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99 (±14) 101 (90; 109) | 98 (±10) 101 (89; 106) | 0.783a |
| Fat mass (%) | 39 (±9) 41 (33; 44) | 39 (±6) 38 (34; 44) | 0.796a |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 24 (±3) 24 (21; 27) | 23 (±2) 23 (21; 25) | 0.502b |
| Total body water (%) | 45 (±7) 43 (41; 50) | 45 (±6) 45 (41; 47) | 0.758b |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Education (schooling) | |||
| <9 years | 14 (60.9) | 10 (45.5) | 0.388 |
| ≥9 years | 9 (39.1) | 12 (54.5) | 0.152 |
| Work status | |||
| Employed | 10 (43.5) | 8 (36.4) | 0.541 |
| Unemployed | 3 (13.0) | 1 (4.5) | 0.344 |
| Retired | 5 (21.7) | 8 (36.4) | 0.248 |
| Domestic/pensioner | 5 (21.7) | 5 (22.7) | 0.327 |
| Smoking habits | |||
| Smoker | 2 (8.7) | 3 (13.6) | 0.568 |
| Non-smoker | 21 (91.3) | 19 (86.4) | 0.777 |
| Alcoholic beverages consumption | |||
| Daily | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0.338 |
| Occasional/Never | 21 (91.3) | 22 (100) | 0.090 |
| Exercise frequency | |||
| <1 h/week | 22 (91.7) | 18 (81.8) | 0.596 |
| ≥1 h/week | 2 (8.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0.823 |
1Female participants.
SD, standard deviation; P25, percentile 25; P75, percentile 75.
aP-value calculated by Independent-Samples T-Test between control and intervention groups mean values;
bP-value calculated by Mann−Whitney Test between control and intervention groups mean values.