Table 2.

Overview of the effects of drugs approved for the treatment of IBD and SpA across the main disease manifestations.

Drug	Crohn’s Disease	Ulcerative colitis	Axial Disease, Enthesitis, Dactylitis	Peripheral Arthritis (PsA)
NSAIDs	Avoid in active disease	Avoid in active disease	+	+
Systemic Glucocorticoids	+	+	-	Lowest exposure possible
Sulfasalazine	+	+	-	+
Methotrexate	+	-	-	+
Leflunomide	-	-	-	+
Azathioprine	+	+	-	-
Infliximab Adalimumab	+	+	+	+
Golimumab	-	+	+	+
Certolizumab	+	-	+	+
Etanercept	-	-	+	+
Ustekinumab	+	+	Enthesitis & dactylitis only	+
Vedolizumab	+	+	-	-
Secukinumab Ixekizumab	Avoid	Avoid	+	+
Tofacitinib	-	+	+	+