Table 1.
Characteristics of 18 countries that were represented in the study
| World Region |
Country | Projected growth (%)[2],a |
Literacy rate (%)[27],b |
Mean years of school[27],c |
Rural residence (%)[27],d |
GDPPC (USD)[27],d |
Gini index[28],e | Linguistic diversity index[29],f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Botswana | 264 | 40 | ND | 31 | $8,259 | 53.3 | 0.444 |
| Africa | Kenya | 247 | 57 | ND | 73 | $1,711 | 40.8 | 0.901 |
| Americas | Brazil | 235 | 79 | 8.0 | 13 | $8,921 | 53.9 | 0.032 |
| Americas | Colombia | 237 | 83 | 8.5 | 19 | $6,651 | 50.4 | 0.030 |
| Americas | Ecuador | 208 | 73 | 8.8 | 36 | $6,345 | 45.4 | 0.264 |
| Americas | Mexico | 244 | 81 | 8.9 | 20 | $9,698 | 45.4 | 0.135 |
| Americas | Nicaragua | 276 | 56 | ND | 41 | $2,029 | 46.2 | 0.081 |
| Americas | Peru | 219 | 79 | 9.7 | 22 | $6,947 | 42.8 | 0.376 |
| Asia | India | 203 | 45 | ND | 66 | $2,016 | 37.8 | 0.930 |
| Asia | Indonesia | 223 | 74 | 8.2 | 45 | $3,894 | 39.0 | 0.846 |
| Asia | Kyrgyzstan | 220 | 97 | ND | 64 | $1,281 | 27.7 | 0.670 |
| Asia | Taiwan | 204 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Asia | Thailand | 208 | 79 | 8.5 | 50 | $7,274 | 36.4 | 0.753 |
| Europe | Greece | 157 | 95 | 10.3 | 21 | $20,324 | 34.4 | 0.175 |
| Europe | Spain | 166 | 95 | 10.3 | 20 | $30,524 | 34.7 | 0.438 |
| Middle East | Egypt | 195 | 33 | 9.0 | 57 | $2,549 | 31.5 | 0.509 |
| Middle East | Jordan | 270 | 91 | ND | 9 | $4,248 | 33.7 | 0.484 |
| Middle East | UAE | 779 | 69 | 12.5 | 13 | $43,005 | 32.5 | 0.777 |
GDPPC, gross domestic product per capita; ND, no data; UAE, United Arab Emirates.
Projected growth of population aged 60 and above between 2017 and 2050.
Literacy rate among population aged 65 and above; reference year: 2013 (Botswana), 2015 (Nicaragua, Thailand, UAE), 2017 (Ecuador, Egypt), 2018 (Brazil, Colombia, Greece, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, Spain).
Mean years of formal schooling among adults aged 25 and above; reference year: 2016 (Greece), 2017 (Ecuador, Egypt), 2018 (Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Thailand, UAE).
Rural residence among adults aged 25 and above; reference year: 2018 (all).
Gini index measures the deviation of the actual income distribution from a hypothetical perfectly equal distribution with values ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 100 (perfect inequality); reference year: 2010 (Jordan), 2011 (India), 2014 (Nicaragua, UAE), 2015 (Botswana, Kenya), 2017 (Egypt, Greece, Spain), 2018 (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, Thailand).
Linguistic diversity index is based on the population of each language spoken in the country as a proportion of the total population with values ranging from 0 (no diversity, everyone has the same primary language) to 1 (total diversity, no two people have the same primary language); reference year: 2009 (all).