1. Key characteristics of participants and intervention approach.
| Study ID | Age (mean) | % women | Gait speed in control group at follow‐up (m/s) | Duration of intervention (weeks) | Type of intervention (ProFaNE) | Intervention delivered by expert health provider | Exclusion criterion based on impaired cognition |
| Baker 1991 | 84 | 100% | 0.43 | Not specified | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Binder 2004 | 80 | 74% | 0.99 | 24 | Balance, gait & functional; resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Bischoff‐Ferrari 2010 | 84 | 79% | NR | 52 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Braid 2008 | 81 | 92% | NR | 6 | Electrical stimulation | Yes | Yes |
| Gorodetskyi 2007 | 71 | 67% | NR | 1.5 | Electrical stimulation | Yes | No |
| Graham 1968 | NR | NR | NR | Early WB v late WB | Balance, gait & functional | Unclear | No |
| Hauer 2002 | 81 | 100% | 0.44 | 12 | Balance, gait & functional; resistance | Unclear | Yes |
| Karumo 1977 | 73 | 75% | NR | 4.7 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Kimmel 2016 | 81 | 64% | NR | 1 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Kronborg 2017 | 80 | 77% | NR | 10 days (or discharge, if discharged prior) | Resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Lamb 2002 | 84 | 100% | 0.43 | 6 | Electrical stimulation | No | Yes |
| Langford 2015 | 83 | 63% | 0.83 | 16 | Other (telephone support and coaching) | Yes | Yes |
| Latham 2014 | 78 | 69% | NR | 24 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Lauridsen 2002 | 80 | 100% | NR | 2 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Magaziner 2019 | 81 | 77% | 0.74 | 16 | Resistance; endurance | Yes | No |
| Mangione 2005 | 79 | 73% | 0.65 | 12 | Resistance; endurance | Yes | Yes |
| Mangione 2010 | 81 | 81% | 0.91 | 10 | Resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Miller 2006 | 84 | 77% | 0.5 | 12 | Resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Mitchell 2001 | 80 | 84% | 0.42 | 6 | Balance, gait & functional; resistance | Unclear | Yes |
| Monticone 2018 | 77 | 71% | NR | 3 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Moseley 2009 | 84 | 81% | 0.6 | 16 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Oh 2020 | 79 | 68% | NR | 2 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yesa |
| Ohoka 2015 | 90 | 100% | 0.35 | 12 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Oldmeadow 2006 | 79 | 68% | NR | 1 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Orwig 2011 | 82 | 100% | NR | 52 | Resistance; endurance; other (self‐efficacy‐based motivational component) | No | Yes |
| Pol 2019 | 80 | 89% | NR | 12 | Other (cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), CBT plus sensory monitoring) | Yes | No |
| Resnick 2007 | 81 | 100% | NR | 52 | Resistance; endurance; other (motivational interventions) | No | Yes |
| Salpakoski 2015 | 80 | 78% | 0.97 | 52 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Sherrington 1997 | 79 | 79% | 0.5 | 4 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Sherrington 2003 | 81 | 68% | 0.19 | 2 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
|
Sherrington 2004 (WB group; NWB group) |
79 | 80% | 0.55; 0.62 | 16 | Balance, gait & functional; other (specific group of muscle contractions in supine) | Yes | Yes |
| Sherrington 2020 | 78 | 76% | 0.83 | 52 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Stasi 2019 | 78 | 75% | NR | 12 | Resistance | Yes | No |
| Suwanpasu 2014 | 75 | 66% | NR | 6 | Other (physical activity enhancing program, based on Resnick's self‐efficacy model) | No | No |
| Sylliaas 2011 | 82 | 83% | 0.51 | 12 | Resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Sylliaas 2012 | 82 | 81% | 0.8 | 12 | Resistance | Yes | Yes |
| Taraldsen 2019 | 83 | 77% | 0.62 | 10 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | No |
| Tsauo 2005 | 73 | 80% | 0.33 | 12 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Van Ooijen 2016 | 83 | 73% | 0.72 | 6 | Balance, gait & functional | Yes | Yes |
| Williams 2016 | 79 | 75% | 0.8 | 12 | Balance, gait & functional; other (workbook and goal setting diary) | Yes | Yes |
NR: not reported; NWB: non‐weight bearing; WB: weight bearing aParticipants with severe cognitive dysfunction (obey command ≤ 1 step ) were excluded. At baseline, 21/38 participants had cognitive dysfunction, defined using Mini‐Mental State Examination score adjusted with age and education level.