| 4.1 Mobility (measured using mobility scales): combined data for all strategy types |
7 |
761 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.32 [0.11, 0.54] |
| 4.2 Mobility (measured using Timed Up and Go, seconds): combined data for all strategy types |
3 |
375 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐1.98 [‐5.59, 1.63] |
| 4.3 Mobility (measured using 6‐Minute Walk Test, metres): combined data for all strategy types |
4 |
396 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
28.66 [10.88, 46.44] |
| 4.4 Mobility (measured using mobility scales): gait, balance and function |
5 |
621 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.20 [0.05, 0.36] |
| 4.5 Mobility (measured using Timed Up and Go, seconds): gait, balance and function |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.6 Mobility (measured using Timed Up and Go, seconds): resistance/strength training |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.7 Mobility (measured using 6‐Minute Walk Test, metres): resistance/strength training |
3 |
198 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
55.65 [28.58, 82.72] |
| 4.8 Mobility (measured using 6‐Minute Walk Test, metres): endurance training |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.9 Mobility (measured using mobility scales): multiple component |
2 |
104 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.53, 1.34] |
| 4.10 Mobility (measured using 6‐Minute Walk Test, metres): multiple component |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.11 Mobility (measured using mobility scales): other type of exercise (non‐weight bearing exercise) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.12 Mobility (measured using Timed Up and Go, seconds): other type of exercise OT +/‐ sensor) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.13 Mobility (measured using mobility scales) reporting individual outcome measures |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.13.1 Modified Physical Performance Test |
1 |
80 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
5.70 [2.74, 8.66] |
| 4.13.2 Physical Performance and Mobility Examination Score |
1 |
105 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.32 [‐0.42, 1.05] |
| 4.13.3 Short Physical Performance Battery |
4 |
552 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.68 [0.15, 1.21] |
| 4.13.4 Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment |
1 |
24 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
4.90 [2.11, 7.69] |
| 4.13.5 Timed Up and Go |
3 |
366 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.69 [‐2.74, 6.12] |
| 4.13.6 6 Minute Walk Test |
4 |
396 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
33.98 [7.08, 60.89] |
| 4.14 Mobility (measured using self‐report, continuous scales): combined data for all strategy types |
2 |
355 |
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.46 [‐0.62, 3.53] |
| 4.15 Mobility (measured using self‐reported, dichotomous outcome): combined data for all strategy types |
1 |
108 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.45 [0.29, 0.72] |
| 4.16 Walking speed: combined data for all strategy types |
14 |
1067 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.16 [0.04, 0.29] |
| 4.17 Walking speed: gait, balance and function |
7 |
511 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.09, 0.25] |
| 4.18 Walking speed: resistance/strength training |
3 |
197 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.29 [‐0.01, 0.58] |
| 4.19 Walking speed: endurance |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.20 Walking speed: multiple component |
3 |
285 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.53 [‐0.13, 1.18] |
| 4.21 Walking speed: other (post‐discharge physio telephone support and coaching) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.22 Walking speed: other (non‐weight bearing) |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.23 Walking speed subgrouped by studies with cognitive impairment included v studies with cognitive impairment not included, combined data for all strategy types |
14 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.23.1 People with cognitive impairment included |
2 |
304 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.07 [‐0.16, 0.29] |
| 4.23.2 People with cognitive impairment excluded |
12 |
762 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.19 [0.04, 0.34] |
| 4.24 Walking speed: subgrouped by outpatient v secondary and social care setting |
14 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.24.1 Outpatient |
2 |
229 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.35 [0.08, 0.62] |
| 4.24.2 Secondary and social care |
12 |
838 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.11 [‐0.02, 0.25] |
| 4.25 Walking speed subgrouped by mean age ≤ 80 years v > 80 years, combined data for all strategies |
14 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.25.1 Mean age in study 80 years or less |
8 |
536 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.12 [‐0.05, 0.30] |
| 4.25.2 Mean age in study > 80 years |
6 |
530 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.18 [0.01, 0.36] |
| 4.26 Functioning (measured using functioning scales): combined data for all strategy types |
9 |
936 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.23 [0.10, 0.36] |
| 4.27 Functioning (measured using functioning scales): gait, balance and function |
4 |
432 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.17 [‐0.02, 0.36] |
| 4.28 Functioning (measured using functioning scales): resistance/strength training |
2 |
246 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.29 [0.03, 0.55] |
| 4.29 Functioning (measured using functioning scales): multiple components |
2 |
107 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.34 [‐0.04, 0.72] |
| 4.30 Functioning (measured using functioning scales): other: OT +/‐ sensor |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.31 Health‐related quality of life (measured using HRQoL scales): combined data for all strategy types |
10 |
785 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.14 [‐0.00, 0.29] |
| 4.32 Health‐related quality of life (measured using HRQoL scales): gait, balance and function |
4 |
316 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.37, 0.53] |
| 4.33 Health‐related quality of life (measured using HRQoL scales): resistance/strength training |
3 |
197 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.15 [‐0.14, 0.45] |
| 4.34 Health‐related quality of life (measured using HRQoL scales): endurance |
1 |
22 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
9.50 [‐8.56, 27.56] |
| 4.35 Health‐related quality of life (measured using HRQoL scales): multiple components |
1 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.36 Health‐related quality of life subgrouped by studies with cognitive impairment included v studies with cognitive impairment not included, combined data for all strategy types |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.36.1 People with cognitive impairment included |
1 |
120 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.36, 0.36] |
| 4.36.2 People with cognitive impairment excluded |
9 |
665 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.17 [0.01, 0.33] |
| 4.37 Health‐related quality of life subgrouped by outpatient v secondary and social care setting |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.37.1 Outpatient |
2 |
233 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.18 [‐0.09, 0.45] |
| 4.37.2 Secondary and social care |
8 |
552 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.13 [‐0.04, 0.30] |
| 4.38 Health‐related quality of life subgrouped by mean age ≤ 80 years v > 80 years, combined data for all strategy |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.38.1 Mean age in study 80 years or less |
4 |
184 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.25 [‐0.05, 0.55] |
| 4.38.2 Mean age in study > 80 years |
6 |
601 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.11 [‐0.05, 0.27] |
| 4.39 Mortality, short term: combined data for all strategy types |
7 |
737 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.49, 2.06] |
| 4.40 Mortality, short term: gait, balance and function |
3 |
264 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.12 [0.46, 2.72] |
| 4.41 Mortality, short term: resistance/strength training |
2 |
123 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.40 [0.19, 10.03] |
| 4.42 Mortality, short term: multiple components |
2 |
290 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.61 [0.08, 4.55] |
| 4.43 Mortality, short term: other: non‐weight bearing |
1 |
60 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.50 [0.03, 7.59] |
| 4.44 Mortality, long term: combined data for all strategy types |
4 |
588 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.73 [0.39, 1.37] |
| 4.45 Mortality, long term: gait, balance and function |
2 |
254 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.75 [0.34, 1.67] |
| 4.46 Mortality, long term: multiple components |
2 |
334 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.70 [0.25, 1.96] |
| 4.47 Adverse events (measured using dichotomous outcomes): combined data for all strategy types |
4 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.47.1 Re‐admission |
2 |
206 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.52, 1.42] |
| 4.47.2 Re‐operation |
1 |
173 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.20, 1.08] |
| 4.47.3 Surgical complications |
1 |
25 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.92 [0.06, 13.18] |
| 4.48 Adverse events (measured using re‐admission rate: combined for all strategy types |
1 |
|
Rate Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.49 Adverse events (measured using rate of falls): combined for all strategy types |
3 |
|
Rate Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.63, 0.99] |
| 4.50 Adverse events (measured using rate of falls): gait, balance and function |
2 |
|
Rate Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.78 [0.62, 0.99] |
| 4.51 Adverse events (measured using rate of falls): other (additional phone support and coaching) |
1 |
|
Rate Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
| 4.52 Adverse events (measured as number of people who experienced 1 or more falls) |
4 |
|
Risk Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.85, 1.25] |
| 4.53 Adverse events (measured using continuous measure of pain) |
3 |
242 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
‐0.04 [‐0.29, 0.22] |
