Fig. 1.

(A) Public healthcare services utilization in Greece (Jan 1–Nov 30, 2020), compared to the average respective time period of 2017–19 (B) Excess deaths in Greece (ISO weeks 9–48; Feb 22–Nov 29, 2020), compared to the average respective time period of 2015–2019. Notes and Sources: (A) Authors' calculations are based on monthly aggregated data from all public hospitals and public primary care centers in Greece, as reported by the Greek Ministry of Health. Data were grouped by the type of facility (hospital vs primary care) and the type of service (emergency or non-emergency hospital visits, hospital admissions and surgical procedures, and total primary care visits), and utilization rates were calculated for each month from January until November 2020. The control period covers the average monthly utilization rates during the period 2017–19. (B) Authors' calculations are based on weekly data of all-cause deaths as reported by the Hellenic Statistical Authority and daily data of COVID-19 deaths as reported by the National Public Health Organisation in Greece. Excess non-COVID-19 deaths were calculated by extracting COVID-19 deaths from total all-cause excess deaths. The control period covers the average weekly all-cause deaths during the period 2015–19.