. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 7.

Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2022 Apr 14;26(4):1422–1431. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3163013

TABLE V.

Average BLEU Scores and Standard Deviation in Parentheses for Five Experiments

Experiment	Input Data	Validity Check	Knowledge Constraint	LSTM General Attention	BRNN General Attention	Transformer

1	ICD-9	Not checked	Non-constrained	17.62 (1.03)	17.61 (0.74)	17.77 (0.55)
2		Checked	Non-constrained	17.85 (1.18)	18.26 (1.10)	15.32 (0.37)
3		Not checked	Constrained	12.61 (6.33)	12.46 (6.26)	14.76 (0.51)
4		Checked	Constrained	12.95 (6.50)	13.16 (6.61)	14.99 (0.42)

5	ICD-10	Not checked	Non-constrained	17.86 (0.50)	17.89 (1.06)	16.31 (0.61)