Table 2.
Methodological quality of the studies included, in accordance with the STROBE checklist.
| Reference | TA | SJ | O | SD | S | P | V | DM | B | SS | QV | SM | P | DD | O | MR | OA | MR | L | I | G | F | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Rowaily et al. (2012) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| Al-Khabori et al. (2004) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 14.5 |
| Balen et al. (2009) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 15.5 |
| Baraky et al. (2012) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19.5 |
| Béria et al. (2007) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 20.5 |
| Bevilacqua et al. (2013) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 15.5 |
| Chen et al. (2011) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
| Czechowicz et al. (2010) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 17.5 |
| Feder et al. (2017) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16.5 |
| Gierek et al. (2009) | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 16 |
| Gondim et al. (2012) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 16.5 |
| Govender et al. (2015) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 16 |
| Hong et al. (2016) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 18 |
| Jun et al. (2015) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18.5 |
| Kam et al. (2013) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14.5 |
| le Clercq et al. (2017) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19.5 |
| Niskar et al. (1998) | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
| Ramma et al. (2016) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 21 |
| Samelli et al. (2011) | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| Serra et al. (2014) | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 14.5 |
| Shargorodsky et al. (2010) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 17 |
| Skarzyński et al. (2016) | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13.5 |
| Taha et al. (2010) | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14.5 |
| Tarafder et al. (2015) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 18.5 |
| Wake et al. (2006) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19.5 |
| Westerberg et al. (2005) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 17.5 |
TA, title and abstract; SJ, setting/motivation; O, objectives; SD, study design; S, settings; P, participants; V, variables; DM, data source/measurement; B, bias; SS, size of sample; QV, quantitative variables; SM, statistic methods; P, participants; DD, descriptive data; O, outcome; MR, main results; OA, other analyses; MR, main results; L, limitations; I, interpretation; G, generalization; F, funding.