Figure 1.

A. Time axis of rat modeling and PTE administration. B. The results of H&E and toluidine blue staining in pathologic examination of knee joints of rats in each group. C. The results showed that Mankin score and OARSI score were significantly increased after ACLT+DMM modeling, which induced the occurrence of osteoarthritis in the middle and early stage of the knee in rats, while PTE could significantly reduce OA severity scores. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001, ****: P < 0.0001.