Table 3.
Differential urinary metabolites in T2DM patients with and without peripheral neuropathy
| Class | Name | P | VIP | FC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino Acid | Guanidoacetic acid | 1.74E-05 | 2.4 | 1.7 |
| L-Kynurenine | 2.26E-04 | 2.1 | 0.6 | |
| Aminoadipic acid | 6.27E-05 | 2 | 2.1 | |
| L-Glutamine | 2.10E-03 | 2 | 0.7 | |
| Ratio of Citrulline/L-Arginine | 1.69E-03 | 2 | 0.4 | |
| L-Methionine | 4.75E-04 | 1.9 | 0.7 | |
| 3-Nitrotyrosine | 9.05E-04 | 1.8 | 1.9 | |
| Ratio of Guanidoacetic acid/Glycine | 6.62E-03 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Citrulline | 4.68E-03 | 1.7 | 0.8 | |
| 1-Methylhistidine | 9.72E-05 | 1.5 | 1.7 | |
| Ratio of Creatine/Guanidoacetic acid | 2.84E-03 | 1.5 | 0.4 | |
| Ratio of L-Aspartic acid/N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | 2.68E-03 | 1.4 | 0.7 | |
| L-Aspartic acid | 9.86E-03 | 1.4 | 0.7 | |
| 4-Hydroxy-L-proline | 4.43E-03 | 1.3 | 0.8 | |
| Ketoleucine | 5.88E-03 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |
| β-Alanine | 4.02E-02 | 1.2 | 0.9 | |
| Creatine | 1.00E-02 | 1.2 | 0.7 | |
| L-Glutamic acid | 4.39E-02 | 1.1 | 0.9 | |
| Ratio of L-Glutamine/L-Glutamic acid | 4.41E-02 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
| Ratio of L-Serine/Glycine | 4.57E-02 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
| Carbohydrates | Gluconic acid | 2.72E-06 | 2.8 | 1.7 |
| Galactonic acid | 1.22E-05 | 2.6 | 1.9 | |
| Erythritol | 3.65E-06 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| D-Glucuronic acid | 9.72E-05 | 2.3 | 0.7 | |
| Sorbitol | 1.30E-04 | 1.9 | 0.7 | |
| D-Ribose | 1.25E-04 | 1.8 | 1.3 | |
| Ribitol | 3.40E-03 | 1.7 | 1.5 | |
| Rhamnose | 3.34E-04 | 1.6 | 1.8 | |
| D-Galactose | 1.39E-02 | 1.6 | 1.5 | |
| Ratio of Gluconic acid/Gluconolactone | 1.49E-02 | 1.5 | 2.5 | |
| Ribonolactone | 1.06E-02 | 1.4 | 1.3 | |
| Mannitol | 4.66E-02 | 1.3 | 0.7 | |
| D-Xylose | 1.64E-03 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |
| Ratio of L-Arabinose/L-Arabitol | 3.64E-02 | 1.2 | 1.1 | |
| Sucrose | 4.18E-02 | 1.1 | 1.7 | |
| D-Threitol | 4.37E-02 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| Organic Acids | Oxalic acid | 2.25E-02 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 1.49E-02 | 1.6 | 0.9 | |
| Malic acid | 2.15E-03 | 1.6 | 0.5 | |
| Tartaric acid | 7.27E-03 | 1.4 | 0.3 | |
| Suberic acid | 2.32E-02 | 1.3 | 0.7 | |
| Guanidinosuccinic acid | 3.89E-03 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |
| Glycolic acid | 3.66E-02 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |
| Uric acid | 6.12E-03 | 1.2 | 1 | |
| Hydroxyphenyllactic acid | 3.97E-02 | 1.2 | 0.8 | |
| Pimelic acid | 4.64E-02 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
| Vanillic acid | 1.47E-02 | 1.1 | 0.7 | |
| Nucleotide | Cytidine | 3.53E-05 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
| Ratio of Uridine/Cytidine | 6.34E-04 | 1.7 | 0.3 | |
| Ratio of Hypoxanthine/Inosine | 1.14E-02 | 1.2 | 1.6 | |
| Ratio of Xanthine/Xanthosine | 4.15E-02 | 1.1 | 1 | |
| Alcohols | Myoinositol | 1.65E-02 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
| Lipids | O-Phosphoethanolamine | 3.43E-02 | 1.2 | 1 |
| Vitamin | Pantothenic acid | 1.94E-04 | 1.9 | 1.7 |
| Hormone | Normetanephrine | 4.56E-02 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| Indoles | Indoxyl sulfate | 6.65E-03 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
Note: Differential metabolites were selected according to VIP>1 and P<0.05. P values were calculated from t test for continuous variables and adjusted by the FDR method. T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; VIP, Variable influence on projection; FC, Fold change; FDR, False discovery rate.