Table 4.
Serum and urine metabolic pathways that significantly changed between T2DM patients with and without peripheral neuropathy
| Sample | Pathway name | P | Impact | Up | Down |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Arginine biosynthesis | 2.26E-04 | 0.38 | Urea | Ornithine; L-Arginine; L-Glutamine; Citrulline |
| Galactose metabolism | 9.00E-04 | 0.03 | D-Glucose | Glycerol; D-Galactose; D-Mannose; Myoinositol; Sorbitol | |
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 3.33E-02 | 0.23 | L-Asparagine; Succinic acid; L-Glutamine; N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | ||
| Starch and sucrose metabolism | 4.31E-02 | 0.12 | D-Glucose | D-Maltose; Isomaltose | |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 4.63E-02 | 0.12 | Glycolic acid; Glycine; Isocitric acid; L-Glutamine | ||
| Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis | 4.64E-02 | 0.25 | Ketoleucine | L-Threonine | |
| Urine | Arginine biosynthesis | 1.32E-05 | 0.56 | L-Arginine | L-Glutamic acid; L-Aspartic acid; Ornithine; L-Glutamine; Citrulline |
| D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate metabolism | 1.75E-02 | 0.67 | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | ||
| Arginine and proline metabolism | 2.31E-02 | 0.22 | Guanidoacetic acid; L-Arginine | Creatine; L-Glutamic acid; Ornithine | |
| Nitrogen metabolism | 2.56E-02 | 0.25 | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | ||
| Galactose metabolism | 2.81E-02 | 0.09 | D-Galactose; Sucrose | Myoinositol; Sorbitol | |
| Histidine metabolism | 3.03E-02 | 0.13 | 1-Methylhistidine | L-Glutamic acid; L-Aspartic acid | |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 4.41E-02 | 0.16 | cis-Aconitic acid; Glycolic acid | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | |
| Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 4.51E-02 | 0.2 | D-Glucuronic acid; Myoinositol | ||
| Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis | 4.78E-02 | 0.11 | Pantothenic acid | β-Alanine; L-Aspartic acid |
Note: Differential metabolic pathways were selected according to P<0.05. T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.