Table 6.
Serum and urine metabolic pathways that significantly changed among DPN mild, moderate, and severe groups
| Sample | Differential Metabolic Pathway | Pathway name | P | Impact | Up | Down |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Mod_Mild | Arginine biosynthesis | 7.76E-05 | 0.25 | L-Glutamic acid; Ornithine; L-Glutamine | Fumaric acid; Urea |
| D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate metabolism | 1.18E-02 | 0.67 | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | |||
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 1.60E-02 | 0.32 | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | Fumaric acid; L-Alanine | ||
| Nitrogen metabolism | 1.73E-02 | 0.25 | L-Glutamic acid; L-Glutamine | |||
| Histidine metabolism | 1.76e-02 | 0.33 | L-Glutamic acid | 1-Methylhistidine; L-Histidine | ||
| Sev_Mild | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 1.06E-02 | 0.2 | Glycolic acid; Glyceric acid; L-Glutamic acid; L-Serine; Isocitric acid | ||
| Galactose metabolism | 2.95E-02 | 0.09 | D-Glucose; D-Galactose; Myoinositol; Sucrose | |||
| Starch and sucrose metabolism | 4.31E-02 | 0.12 | Fructose 6-phosphate | D-Glucose; Sucrose | ||
| Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis | 4.64E-02 | 0.25 | L-Leucine; Ketoleucine | |||
| Sev_Mod | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 9.31E-03 | 0.16 | Pyruvic acid | Glycolic acid; L-Glutamic acid; L-Serine; Isocitric acid | |
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 3.01E-02 | 0.19 | Pyruvic acid | L-Glutamic acid; L-Asparagine; N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | ||
| Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 4.65E-02 | 0.15 | L-Cystine; Pyruvic acid | L-Serine; Homocysteine | ||
| Urine | Mod_Mild | Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis | 1.08E-02 | 0.75 | L-Phenylalanine | Phenylpyruvic acid |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 4.41E-02 | 0.24 | cis-Aconitic acid; Citric acid; Glycolic acid; Glycine | |||
| Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis | 4.51E-02 | 0 | L-Valine | Ketoleucine | ||
| Sev_Mild | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | 1.52E-03 | 0.32 | cis-Aconitic acid; Citric acid; Glycolic acid; Glycine | Glyceric acid; L-Glutamic acid | |
| Pentose and glucuronate interconversions | 3.83E-02 | 0.14 | D-Xylose; L-Arabinose; L-Arabitol | |||
| Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 4.26E-02 | 0.2 | Myoinositol; D-Glucaric acid | |||
| Sev_Mod | β-Alanine metabolism | 1.58E-02 | 0.29 | Uracil | β-Alanine; L-Histidine; L-Aspartic acid | |
| Arginine biosynthesis | 2.65E-02 | 0.12 | Fumaric acid; Oxoglutaric acid | L-Aspartic acid | ||
Note: Differential metabolic pathways were selected according to P<0.05. DPN, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy.