Table 2.

Correlates of major adverse effect or death.

	Full Sample %	Less Than Major Effect %	Major Effect or Death %	aPR (95% CI)
Age
≤12	4.7	4.9	4.3	1.49 (1.25–1.78)c
13–19	6.4	5.6	7.8	1.22 (1.09–1.38)b
20–29	26.5	26.4	26.5	1.00
30–39	26.9	27.0	26.8	0.98 (0.91–1.07)
40–49	14.4	14.5	14.2	1.02 (0.93–1.12)
50–59	11.8	11.4	12.3	1.19 (1.08–1.32)b
60–69	6.3	6.4	6.2	1.30 (1.14–1.48)c
70–79	2.1	2.5	1.5	1.23 (0.95–1.59)
≥80	1.0	1.3	0.4	0.93 (0.59–1.47)
Sex
Male	62.5	60.4	66.1	1.00
Female	37.5	39.6	33.9	1.02 (0.96–1.09)
Reason
Other reason	22.7	26.6	15.7	1.00
Abuse	49.3	39.6	67.0	1.72 (1.55–1.91)c
Suspected suicide attempt	17.7	20.0	13.6	1.21 (1.07–1.37)b
Misuse	10.3	13.9	3.8	0.62 (0.52–0.74)c
Polydrug Use
Alcohol	5.6	6.1	5.8	1.01 (0.89–1.14)
Cannabis	2.6	2.3	3.0	1.01 (0.86–1.20)
Cocaine	6.0	5.0	8.0	1.02 (0.92–1.14)
Methamphetamine	6.3	7.4	4.2	0.79 (0.68–0.90)b
Benzodiazepines	12.6	13.9	10.3	0.97 (0.88–1.07)
Prescription Opioids	16.6	17.9	14.1	1.04 (0.95–1.13)
Heroin	9.2	8.4	10.8	1.01 (0.92–1.11)
Gabapentin	2.5	3.0	1.7	0.85 (0.68–1.07)
Route of Administration
Ingestion	42.5	47.0	34.2	0.89 (0.81–0.99)a
Dermal	14.8	18.9	7.5	0.70 (0.60–0.82)c
Inhalation	23.4	19.1	31.1	1.14 (1.02–1.27)a
Injection	11.3	9.9	13.7	1.13 (1.00–1.27)
Unknown	11.8	8.0	18.7	1.46 (1.31–1.63)c
Management Site
Hospital center	91.8	90.1	94.9	1.00
On site	4.9	5.6	3.7	0.80 (0.68–0.94)b
Patient referred	3.3	4.3	1.4	0.52 (0.39–0.69)c
Region
South	25.7	26.2	24.7	1.00
Northeast	23.3	17.3	34.2	1.18 (1.09–1.28)c
Midwest	27.0	30.1	21.2	0.84 (0.78–0.92)c
West	24.0	26.3	19.9	0.86 (0.79–0.99)c

Bivariable tests are based on case-complete data and the multivariable model is based on imputed data. The multivariable model controlled for year. aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval. For the multivariable model:

^ap < .05,

^bp < .01,

^cp < .001