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. 2022 Sep 7;5:923. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03897-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Study design. b Number of isolates of identified bacterial species per skin site. A selective cultivation approach to primarily isolate staphylococci was applied. c Skin hydration, sebum content and CFU per cm² on back, cheek, forearm, and forehead skin (n = 30 for each skin site. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. Unpaired Wilcoxon test). Middle lines of boxplots indicate the median. Lower and upper lines represent the first and third quartiles. Whiskers show the 1.5x inter-quartile ranges.