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. 2022 Sep 7;5:923. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03897-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a 93 out of 120 samples, obtained from 30 volunteers, were positive for the tuf2 amplification; relative abundance of staphylococcal species on back, cheek, forearm and forehead skin are shown (see also Supplementary Data 1). b Stacked bar plot showing mean values of relative abundances of staphylococcal species overall and for the four skin sites. c Shannon diversity index of staphylococcal population per skin site showed highest diversity in forearm skin samples (back skin samples, n = 20; cheek skin samples, n = 26; forearm skin samples, n = 21; forehead skin samples, n = 26. **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. Unpaired Wilcoxon test). Middle lines of boxplots indicate the median. Lower and upper lines represent the first and third quartiles. Whiskers show the 1.5x inter-quartile ranges. d Spearman correlation between Shannon index of staphylococcal populations and CFU per cm². e Spearman correlation between staphylococcal species abundance and skin parameters. The colour code illustrates the correlation coefficient; blue colour represents positive correlation (0 to 1) and red colour inverse correlation (−1 to 0). For instance, the presence of S. hominis strongly (and statistically significant) correlated with the Shannon index and inversely correlated with CFU count and with sebum content (FDR-adjusted p-value, ***p ≤ 0.001).