TABLE 3.
Subgroup analyses of demographical, clinical, and immunohistochemical characteristics for adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations of total phytosterols, campestanol, and β-sitostanol intake with overall survival among ovarian cancer patients.
| Characteristics | Tertiles of intake* |
|||||||||||
| Total phytosterols |
Campestanol |
β -Sitostanol |
||||||||||
| T1 | T2 | T3 | P interaction ** | T1 | T2 | T3 | P interaction ** | T1 | T2 | T3 | P interaction ** | |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.09 | |||||||||
| ≤ 50 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.30 (0.12–0.78) | 0.64 (0.25–1.60) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.43 (0.17–1.10) | 0.70 (0.21–2.37) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.63 (0.27–1.48) | 0.87 (0.31–2.43) | |||
| > 50 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.50 (0.27–0.90) | 0.61 (0.34–1.12) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.48–1.50) | 0.66 (0.31–1.41) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.49 (0.27–0.87) | 0.58 (0.31–1.09) | |||
| Menopausal status | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.40 | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.45 (0.14–1.47) | 0.63 (0.21–1.90) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.37 (0.12–1.10) | 0.95 (0.23–3.85) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.38 (0.13–1.12) | 0.53 (0.16–1.76) | |||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.47 (0.26–0.83) | 0.57 (0.32–1.01) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.96 (0.55–1.68) | 0.83 (0.39–1.74) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.50 (0.29–0.86) | 0.51 (0.28–0.95) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.06 | 0.25 | < 0.05 | |||||||||
| <25 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.47 (0.27–0.83) | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.57–1.72) | 1.27 (0.62–2.59) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.51 (0.29–0.87) | 0.80 (0.45–1.42) | |||
| ≥ 25 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.38 (0.12–1.21) | 0.58 (0.19–1.82) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.30 (0.11–0.84) | 0.09 (0.02–0.36) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.41 (0.13–1.30) | 0.22 (0.06–0.78) | |||
| Histological type | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.11 | |||||||||
| Serous | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.54 (0.30–0.97) | 0.65 (0.37–1.16) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.84 (0.48–1.46) | 0.88 (0.42–1.85) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.49 (0.28–0.86) | 0.59 (0.32–1.09) | |||
| Non-serous | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.48 (0.18–1.25) | 0.90 (0.34–2.39) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.46 (0.18–1.18) | 0.66 (0.18–2.43) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.41 (0.15–1.09) | 1.44 (0.49–4.23) | |||
| FIGO stage | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.52 | |||||||||
| I-II | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.26 (0.10–0.65) | 0.36 (0.14–0.95) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.77 (0.34–1.73) | 0.50 (0.15–1.65) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.44 (0.19–1.02) | 0.61 (0.22–1.67) | |||
| III-IV | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.85 (0.47–1.55) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.72 (0.39–1.31) | 0.94 (0.43–2.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.55 (0.31–0.98) | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | |||
| Residual lesions | 0.81 | 0.32 | 0.59 | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.58 (0.32–1.04) | 0.69 (0.37–1.29) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.65 (0.36–1.16) | 0.67 (0.31–1.43) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.59 (0.33–1.06) | 0.78 (0.39–1.55) | |||
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.36 (0.15–0.85) | 0.53 (0.24–1.17) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.14 (0.50–2.59) | 0.93 (0.28–3.08) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.44 (0.20–0.97) | 0.44 (0.19–1.01) | |||
| WT-1 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | |||||||||
| Positive | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.46 (0.21–1.01) | 0.64 (0.31–1.34) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.29 (0.63–2.63) | 0.73 (0.27–1.96) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.37 (0.17–0.81) | 0.85 (0.39–1.84) | |||
| Negative | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.43 (0.18–1.03) | 0.23 (0.08–0.72) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.45 (0.18–1.12) | 0.54 (0.14–2.13) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.49 (0.21–1.16) | 0.30 (0.09–0.99) | |||
| ER | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.26 | |||||||||
| Positive | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.58 (0.31–1.09) | 0.78 (0.43–1.42) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.84 (0.47–1.50) | 0.54 (0.24–1.21) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.57 (0.31–1.03) | 0.74 (0.39–1.42) | |||
| Negative | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.74 (0.25–2.21) | 0.52 (0.11–2.49) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.30 (0.09–1.06) | 0.23 (0.04–1.40) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.29 (0.08–1.04) | 0.44 (0.09–2.24) | |||
| PR | < 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.13 | |||||||||
| Positive | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.91 (0.41–2.06) | 0.96 (0.43–2.15) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.32 (0.60–2.89) | 0.88 (0.27–2.82) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.50–2.53) | 1.29 (0.55–3.03) | |||
| Negative | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.37 (0.18–0.76) | 0.52 (0.25–1.11) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.50 (0.25–1.02) | 0.34 (0.13–0.91) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.22 (0.10–0.47) | 0.37 (0.16–0.85) | |||
| Vimentin | 0.92 | 0.77 | 0.73 | |||||||||
| Positive | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.35 (0.11–1.07) | 0.42 (0.13–1.38) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.96 (0.28–3.27) | 0.49 (0.08–2.93) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.49 (0.16–1.51) | 0.38 (0.10–1.47) | |||
| Negative | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.52 (0.26–1.07) | 0.72 (0.36–1.47) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.79 (0.40–1.53) | 0.53 (0.21–1.34) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.41 (0.20–0.84) | 0.54 (0.25–1.16) | |||
| p53 | 0.55 | 0.78 | 0.63 | |||||||||
| Positive | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.40 (0.22–0.70) | 0.57 (0.31–1.03) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.82 (0.48–1.42) | 0.56 (0.25–1.23) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.44 (0.25–0.78) | 0.71 (0.38–1.34) | |||
| Negative | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.42 (0.12–1.44) | 0.74 (0.23–2.42) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.02 (0.33–3.20) | 0.73 (0.18–3.03) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.37 (0.10–1.30) | 0.50 (0.13–1.91) | |||
CI, confidence interval; ER, Estrogen Receptor; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; HR, hazard ratio; PR, Progestogen Receptor; Ref, reference; T, tertile; WT-1, Wilms’ tumor-1.
*Adjusted for energy by the residual method.
**Test for interaction based on strata and phytosterol intake.
Hazard ratio and 95% CI were calculated with the use of the Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for age at diagnosis, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, monthly household income, dietary change, menopausal status, parity, body mass index, physical activity, FIGO stage, histological type, histopathologic grade, residual lesions, comorbidities, and total energy, isoflavone, and monounsaturated fatty acid intake.