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. 2022 Aug 25;13:951595. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951595

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Jiang, Yang, Zhang, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Xu and Shen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum cortisol (COR) were detected at baseline and 4-week after rTMS or sham treatment. (A,B) Change in the concentration of ACTH (A) and COR (B) from baseline to post-intervention at 4 weeks. (C,D) Correlation analysis of change in ACTH to decline in a total score of 17 items Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17) in the sham group (C) and rTMS group (D). (E–F) Correlation of change in COR to decline in a total score of HAMD-17 in the sham group (E) and rTMS group (F). rTMS group significantly different from the sham group was marked by asterisks. *p < 0.05, compared with the sham group (A,B). Graphs show mean ± SEM; n = 68.