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. 2022 Aug 25;13:918869. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.918869

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Copyright © 2022 Guizhen, Guanchang, Liwen, Huifen, Zhigang, Ranran and Zujiang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of the CAR structure. A CAR consists of single-chain variable fragment with a hinge, transmembrane domain, and CD3ζ (1st generation). 2nd generation and 3rd generation CARs contain one or two costimulatory molecules, respectively. Whereas the signal domain of the 4th generation CAR includes an inducible cytokine cassette. The 5th generation CAR encodes a truncated cytoplasmic domain of IL-2 receptor β with a binding site for the STAT3 to activate JAK-STAT pathway.