Table 1.
Mechanism of berberine ameliorates metabolic disorders based on gut microbiome.
| Disease | Subjects | Dosage | Outcome | Changes in Gut Microbiota | Potential Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperlipidemia | HFD-fed hamsters | 100mg/kg/d for 6weeks | TC↓ TG↓ LDL ↓ |
Bacteroides↑ Escherichia-Shigella↑
Bifidobacterium↑ |
NR↑ | Yan Wang et al. (2017a) |
| Hyperlipidemia | B6 mice | 40mg/kg/d for 35 days | TC↓ TG↓ LDL ↓ TBA ↓ LPS↓ Weight↓ |
A.muciniphila↑
Sporobacter termitidis↑ Alcaligenes faecalis↑ Escherichia coli↓ Desulfovibrio↓ Parabacteroides distasonis↓ |
mucus ↑ SCFAs↓ |
Kai He et al. (He et al., 2016a) |
| T2DM | db/db mice | 100mg/kg/d for 55 days | FBG ↓ HbA1c ↓ |
Verrucomicrobia↑
A.muciniphila↑ Saccharibacteria↓ Deferribacteres↓ Actinobacteria↓ Firmicutes↓ |
mucin-2↓ | Cai Na Li et al. (Li et al., 2020) |
| Obesity and Insulin Resistance | HFD-fed rats | 100mg/kg/d for 8 weeks | FBG↓ FINS↓ HOMA-IR↓ |
Blautia ↑
Allobaculum↑ |
LBP↓ | Xu Zhang el al (Zhang et al., 2012). |
| T2DM | KKAy Mice | 100mg/kg/d for 8 weeks | HbA1c↓ HOMA-IR↓ |
Vibrio desulfuricus↓
Enterobacter↓ |
LPS↓ | Hui Cao et al. (Cao et al., 2020) |
| Insulin Resistance | HFD-fed rats | 200mg/kg/d for 8 weeks | TG↓ LDL ↓ FBG↓ insulin resistance↓ |
Bifidobacterium↑
Escherichia coli↑ |
LPS↓ | Liu, D., et al. (Liu et al., 2018) |
| T2DM | db/db mice | 136.5mg/kg/d for 19 weeks | food intake ↓, weight ↓, blood glucose↓ HbA1c↓ |
Butyricimonas↑
Coprococcus↑ Ruminococcus↑ |
SCFAs↓,LPS↓ | Zhang, W., et al. (Zhang et al., 2019) |
| Atherosclerosis | High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice | 50mg/kg/d for 13 weeks; 100mg/kg/d for 13 weeks |
atherosclerotic lesions ↓ TC↓ LDL ↓ |
Roseburia↑
Blautia↑ Allobaculum↑ Alistipes↑ uricibacter↑ |
SCFAs↓ | Wu, M., et al. (Wu et al., 2020) |
| Hyperlipidemia | HFD-fed hamsters | 50or200mg/kg/d for 2 weeks | TC↓ TG↓ LDL ↓ |
phylum Firmicutes↑
phylum Bacteroidetes↑ |
BAs↑ | Gu, S., et al. (Li et al., 2020) |
| hyperglycemia | db/db mice | 210mg/kg for 4 weeks | Weight HbA1c↓ TG↓ LDL-c↓ FFA↓ |
bacteroideae
Clostridium, |
BAs↑ | Li, M., et al. (Debose-Boyd and Ye, 2018) |
This table lists the effects of BBR on laboratory indicators and gut microbiota with different doses in metabolic diseases, and the main potential mechanisms of BBR.