TABLE 3.
Combined application of MAO and other treatment methods.
| MAO combined with other treatments | Substrate | Surface morphology | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined application of MAO and hydrothermal method | 3D-printed Ti6Al4V scaffolding | Micro-nano hybrid coating with moderate roughness | Enhance biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and osseointegration | Huang et al. (2021) |
| 3D Printed Macroporous Ti6Al4V Implants | Nanofibers on microporous walls | Improve three-dimensional porous Ti64 scaffold apatite in vitro and osseointegration in vivo | Xiu et al. (2017) | |
| Combined application of MAO and ultrasound | Ti6Al4V alloy | Homogenized coating structure | Improve corrosion and wear resistance of coating | Xu et al. (2021) |
| Combined application of MAO and laser | Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plate | Microgrooves reduce liquid-solid contact angle and boost surface roughness | Significantly increase the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells | Zheng et al. (2020) |
| Ti6Al4V alloy | Pores are uniformly distributed, tiny, and thick | Higher hardness and better wear resistance | Wu et al. (2020) | |
| MAO and bacteriostatic treatment | Grade 4 quality Cp-Ti discs | Adding calcium, phosphorus, and silver ions | Improve antibacterial efficiency while maintaining biological activity | Teker et al. (2015) |
| Ti6Al4V titanium discs | Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ag+ | Good antibacterial activity | Muhaffel et al. (2016) | |
| Commercially pure titanium | Micro-porous with pore diameters of 1–4 μm | Reduce planktonic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus in culture | Zhang et al. (2016) | |
| Ti6Al4V | Surface becomes smoother as pores get smaller and more average | Ti-MAO-Cu2O group has the strongest antibacterial ability | Zhao et al. (2016) | |
| Ti6Al4V plate | Porous, uneven microstructure | Reduced planktonic and bacterial adherence | Zhou et al. (2019) | |
| Commercial Ti6Al4V plates | Double-layer structure, outer amorphous, inner polycrystalline | Good antibacterial activity is related to its strong electronic storage capacity | Wang et al. (2021c) | |
| Combined application of MAO with sand blasting and acid etching | Titanium discs | Irregular valleys, micropores, and roughness | Enhanced biocompatibility, favourable for osteoblast differentiation | Deng et al. (2010) |
| MAO combined with other bioactive factors | 3D-printed 600 μm pore Ti6Al4V plate | A numerous homogenously distributed pores | Promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis | Teng et al. (2019) |