Table 3.
Maternal responses to questions about vaccination attitudes by employment and income status of the mother.
| Employment status of mother | Income status of mother | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Unemployed | State employee | Private employee | Freelance | p-value | Total | None | Low | Moderate | High | p-value | |
| Q1. All vaccinations provided by the National Vaccination Program must be offered to our children. | ||||||||||||
| D | 79 (4.2) | 22 (4.7) | 16 (4.6) | 23 (3.1) | 18 (5.4) | 0.15 | 79 (4.3) | 4 (8.3) | 9 (3.3) | 20 (4.2) | 46 (4.4) | 0.27 |
| N | 102 (5.4) | 23 (5.0) | 19 (5.4) | 34 (4.6) | 26 (7.9) | 99 (5.3) | 5 (10.4) | 12 (4.4) | 31 (6.4) | 51 (4.9) | ||
| A | 1,701 (90.4) | 418 (90.3) | 314 (90.0) | 683 (92.3) | 286 (86.7) | 1,676 (90.4) | 39 (81.3) | 255 (92.3) | 430 (89.4) | 952 (90.7) | ||
| Q2. All vaccines are safe. | ||||||||||||
| D | 223 (11.9) | 60 (13.0) | 50 (14.3) | 60 (8.1) | 53 (16.1) | <0.01 | 220 (11.9) | 11 (22.9) | 23 (8.3) | 61 (12.6) | 125 (12.0) | <0.01 |
| N | 667 (35.4) | 174 (37.6) | 104 (29.8) | 281 (38.0) | 108 (32.7) | 656 (35.4) | 17 (35.4) | 127 (46.0) | 171 (35.6) | 341 (32.5) | ||
| A | 991 (52.7) | 229 (49.4) | 195 (55.9) | 398 (53.9) | 169 (51.2) | 977 (52.7) | 20 (41.7) | 126 (45.7) | 249 (51.8) | 582 (55.5) | ||
| Q3. Vaccines protect children from serious and life-threatening diseases. | ||||||||||||
| D | 39 (2.1) | 12 (2.6) | 7 (2.0) | 13 (1.8) | 7 (2.1) | 0.58 | 39 (2.1) | 2 (4.2) | 5 (1.8) | 13 (2.7) | 19 (1.8) | <0.01 |
| N | 116 (6.2) | 34 (7.3) | 21 (6.0) | 37 (5.0) | 24 (7.3) | 113 (6.1) | 10 (20.8) | 18 (6.5) | 33 (6.9) | 52 (5.0) | ||
| A | 1,725 (91.7) | 417 (90.1) | 320 (92.0) | 690 (93.2) | 298 (90.6) | 1,700 (91.8) | 36 (75.0) | 253 (91.7) | 434 (90.4) | 977 (93.2) | ||
| Q4. Vaccination in childhood protects for a lifetime. | ||||||||||||
| D | 405 (21.5) | 96 (20.8) | 88 (25.3) | 145 (19.6) | 76 (23.0) | 0.30 | 398 (21.5) | 10 (20.8) | 44 (15.9) | 106 (22.0) | 238 (22.7) | 0.09 |
| N | 572 (30.4) | 149 (32.2) | 107 (30.7) | 222 (30.0) | 94 (28.5) | 564 (30.4) | 20 (41.7) | 90 (32.6) | 154 (32.0) | 300 (28.6) | ||
| A | 903 (48.1) | 217 (47.0) | 153 (44.0) | 373 (50.4) | 160 (48.5) | 891 (48.1) | 18 (37.5) | 142 (51.5) | 221 (46.0) | 510 (48.7) | ||
| Q5. A vaccine always provides protection to a child. | ||||||||||||
| D | 389 (20.7) | 95 (20.6) | 75 (21.5) | 147 (19.9) | 72 (21.9) | 0.76 | 384 (20.7) | 13 (27.1) | 43 (15.6) | 107 (22.3) | 221 (21.1) | 0.03 |
| N | 553 (29.4) | 147 (31.8) | 102 (29.2) | 207 (28.0) | 97 (29.5) | 543 (29.3) | 15 (31.2) | 96 (34.9) | 151 (31.5) | 281 (26.8) | ||
| A | 938 (49.9) | 220 (47.6) | 172 (49.3) | 386 (52.2) | 160 (48.6) | 925 (50.0) | 20 (41.7) | 136 (49.5) | 222 (46.2) | 547 (52.1) | ||
| Q6. There are possible side effects from some vaccines. | ||||||||||||
| D | 37 (2.0) | 6 (1.3) | 6 (1.7) | 12 (1.6) | 13 (3.9) | 0.01 | 37 (2.0) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (1.3) | 27 (2.6) | 0.04 |
| N | 207 (11.0) | 63 (13.6) | 34 (9.8) | 87 (11.8) | 23 (7.0) | 203 (10.9) | 9 (18.7) | 38 (13.8) | 53 (11.0) | 103 (9.8) | ||
| A | 1,638 (87.0) | 394 (85.1) | 309 (88.5) | 641 (86.6) | 294 (89.1) | 1,614 (87.1) | 37 (77.1) | 236 (85.5) | 422 (87.7) | 919 (87.6) | ||
| Q7. Vaccines can cause long-term problems in children. | ||||||||||||
| D | 928 (49.3) | 212 (45.8) | 176 (50.4) | 373 (50.4) | 167 (50.6) | 0.03 | 914 (49.3) | 21 (43.8) | 130 (47.1) | 215 (44.7) | 548 (52.2) | 0.02 |
| N | 764 (40.6) | 202 (43.6) | 132 (37.8) | 311 (42.0) | 119 (36.1) | 752 (40.6) | 18 (37.5) | 122 (44.2) | 218 (45.3) | 394 (37.6) | ||
| A | 190 (10.1) | 49 (10.6) | 41 (11.8) | 56 (7.6) | 44 (13.3) | 188 (10.1) | 9 (18.7) | 24 (8.7) | 48 (10.0) | 107 (10.2) | ||
| Q8. The benefits of vaccination outweigh the potential risks. | ||||||||||||
| D | 48 (2.6) | 12 (2.6) | 9 (2.6) | 13 (1.8) | 14 (4.3) | 0.11 | 48 (2.6) | 2 (4.2) | 5 (1.8) | 13 (2.7) | 28 (2.7) | <0.01 |
| N | 155 (8.2) | 45 (9.7) | 32 (9.2) | 49 (6.6) | 29 (8.8) | 152 (8.2) | 13 (27.1) | 28 (10.2) | 42 (8.7) | 69 (6.6) | ||
| A | 1,678 (89.2) | 406 (87.7) | 308 (88.2) | 678 (91.6) | 286 (86.9) | 1,653 (89.2) | 33 (68.7) | 243 (88.0) | 425 (88.6) | 952 (90.7) | ||
| Q9. Large number of vaccines can adversely affect the immune system of children. | ||||||||||||
| D | 1,159 (61.7) | 272 (58.7) | 220 (63.0) | 466 (63.1) | 201 (61.1) | <0.01 | 1,145 (61.9) | 20 (41.7) | 160 (58.2) | 297 (61.8) | 668 (63.8) | 0.02 |
| N | 553 (29.4) | 143 (30.9) | 99 (28.4) | 228 (30.9) | 83 (25.2) | 542 (29.2) | 21 (43.7) | 96 (34.9) | 141 (29.3) | 284 (27.1) | ||
| A | 167 (8.9) | 48 (10.4) | 30 (8.6) | 44 (6.0) | 45 (13.7) | 164 (8.9) | 7 (14.6) | 19 (6.9) | 43 (8.9) | 95 (9.1) | ||
| Q10. Children should be vaccinated immediately after the release of a new vaccine. | ||||||||||||
| D | 1,148 (61.1) | 304 (65.7) | 208 (59.9) | 440 (59.5) | 196 (59.6) | 0.06 | 1,135 (61.3) | 38 (79.2) | 189 (68.5) | 292 (60.8) | 616 (58.8) | 0.01 |
| N | 637 (33.9) | 148 (31.9) | 117 (33.7) | 260 (35.2) | 112 (34.0) | 625 (33.8) | 7 (14.6) | 76 (27.5) | 168 (35.0) | 374 (35.7) | ||
| A | 93 (5.0) | 11 (2.4) | 22 (6.4) | 39 (5.3) | 21 (6.4) | 91 (4.9) | 3 (6.2) | 11 (4.0) | 20 (4.2) | 57 (5.4) | ||
| Q11. I doubt the safety and effectiveness of new vaccines. | ||||||||||||
| D | 441 (23.4) | 76 (16.4) | 94 (27.0) | 179 (24.2) | 92 (27.9) | <0.01 | 434 (23.4) | 7 (14.6) | 51 (18.5) | 101 (21.0) | 275 (26.2) | 0.01 |
| N | 895 (47.6) | 222 (48.0) | 163 (46.8) | 364 (49.2) | 146 (44.2) | 879 (47.4) | 21 (43.7) | 131 (47.5) | 227 (47.2) | 500 (47.7) | ||
| A | 545 (29.0) | 165 (35.6) | 91 (26.2) | 197 (26.6) | 92 (27.9) | 541 (29.2) | 20 (41.7) | 94 (34.0) | 153 (31.8) | 274 (26.1) | ||
| Q12. I believe in the usefulness of vaccines. | ||||||||||||
| D | 40 (2.1) | 9 (1.9) | 9 (2.6) | 12 (1.6) | 10 (3.0) | 0.59 | 41 (2.2) | 3 (6.3) | 6 (2.2) | 8 (1.7) | 24 (2.3) | <0.01 |
| N | 114 (6.1) | 31 (6.7) | 22 (6.3) | 38 (5.2) | 23 (7.0) | 112 (6.1) | 11 (22.9) | 19 (6.9) | 30 (6.2) | 52 (5.0) | ||
| A | 1,726 (91.8) | 423 (91.4) | 318 (91.1) | 688 (93.2) | 297 (90.0) | 1,699 (91.7) | 34 (70.8) | 251 (90.9) | 442 (92.1) | 972 (92.7) | ||
| Q13. Some vaccines are made for commercial purposes. | ||||||||||||
| D | 465 (24.7) | 84 (18.1) | 89 (25.7) | 201 (27.2) | 91 (27.5) | 0.02 | 459 (24.8) | 7 (14.6) | 37 (13.4) | 120 (25.0) | 295 (28.1) | <0.01 |
| N | 746 (39.7) | 199 (43.0) | 134 (38.6) | 292 (39.5) | 121 (36.7) | 733 (39.5) | 13 (27.1) | 129 (46.7) | 183 (38.1) | 408 (38.9) | ||
| A | 669 (35.6) | 180 (38.9) | 124 (35.7) | 247 (33.3) | 118 (35.8) | 661 (35.7) | 28 (58.3) | 110 (39.9) | 177 (36.9) | 346 (33.0) | ||
| Q14. I think natural childhood illness is better than vaccination. | ||||||||||||
| D | 1,354 (72.1) | 311 (67.3) | 244 (69.9) | 553 (74.8) | 246 (74.8) | 0.01 | 1,333 (72.0) | 24 (50.0) | 186 (67.4) | 339 (70.8) | 784 (74.8) | <0.01 |
| N | 403 (21.4) | 121 (26.2) | 78 (22.4) | 149 (20.2) | 55 (16.7) | 398 (21.5) | 18 (37.5) | 81 (29.3) | 107 (22.3) | 192 (18.3) | ||
| A | 122 (6.5) | 30 (6.5) | 27 (7.7) | 37 (5.0) | 28 (8.5) | 120 (6.5) | 6 (12.5) | 9 (3.3) | 33 (6.9) | 72 (6.9) | ||
D, absolutely disagree/disagree; N, neither disagree nor agree; A, agree/absolutely agree; Bold font indicates statistical significance after a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).