Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of studies reported cFGF21 concentration in subjects with diet intervention.
| References | Region | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Description of intervention | Exp group (n) | Con group (n) | Male (%) | Age (years) | cFGF21 (pg/ml) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp | Con | |||||||||
| Lundsgaard et al 2017 (15) | Denmark | diet enriched in carbohydrates 3 days | 8 | 9 | 100 | 23±3 | 329±297 | 39±27 | ||
| * Heilbronn et al 2013 (16) | Australia | 75.3±1.9 | 25.6±0.6 | 28 days of high fat overfeeding (+1250 kCal/day, 45% fat, 15% protein, 40% carbohydrate ) | 35 | 35 | 50 | 37.6±8.8 | 73.9±50.9 | 65.6±52.4 |
| Vienberg et al 2012a (17) (low birth weight) | Denmark | 5 days of high-fat overfeeding | 20 | 20 | 100 | 306.8±178.4 | 138.9±148 | |||
| Vienberg et al 2012b (17) (normal birth weight) | Denmark | 5 days of high-fat overfeeding | 26 | 26 | 100 | 254.8±115.2 | 78.5±70.9 | |||
| * Willis et al 2020 (18) | UK | 76.8±3.7 | 24.1±1.5 | 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet | 12 | 12 | 100 | 24.3±4.2 | 85±13 | 67±17 |
| Fontana et al 2016 (19) | USA | 101.5±18.8 | 30.7±5.4 | 7%-9% protein-restricted | 19 | 19 | 100 | 52.5±6.8 | 260.3±172.7 | 131.6±101.6 |
| Gosby et al 2016 (20) | Australia | 21.8±0.4 | Exp: 10% protein diet 5days Con: 25% protein diet, 5days | 26 | 26 | 34.6 | 24±1 | 300±48 | 48±48 | |
| Hollstein et al 2019 (21) | USA | 62.3±3.1 | 20.5±1.6 | low-protein overfeeding diet, 2% protein, 68% carbohydrate, and 30% fat | 7 | 7 | 100 | 31±12 | 5351±1836 | 148±119 |
| * Laeger et al 2014 (22) | USA | 69.1±11.6 | 25.1±3.0 | overfed with diets containing 5% protein | 8 | 8 | 62.5 | 22.9±2.8 | 802.5±1198.2 | 450.3±758.9 |
| Olsen et al 2020 (23) | Norway | 87.4±11.7 | 29.9±3.4 | Dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine 7 days, methionine/cysteine low group | 7 | 7 | 0 | 31.1±5.9 | 202.2±120.2 | 134.0±100.5 |
| # Dushay et al 2015a (24) (lean group) | USA | 25±3.2 | oral ingestion of 75g of fructose, measured after 240 minutes | 10 | 10 | 70 | 29±6.3 | 410.8±168.2 | 127±56.9 | |
| # Dushay et al 2015b (24) (metabolic syndrome group) | USA | 32±3.2 | oral ingestion of 75g of fructose, measured after 240 minutes | 11 | 11 | 54.5 | 49±9.5 | 1013.8±431.2 | 278±199.0 | |
| Migdal et al 2018 (25) | USA | 23.7±0.4 | fructose drink | 12 | 12 | 41.6 | 33.1±3.9 | a: 564.1±682.4 b: 737.2±746.2 c: 679.8±719.1 | a: 155.2±221 b: 176.5±211 c: 216.9±267.1 | |
| Kanbay et al 2021a (26) (Group1) | Turkey | 22.9±6.3 | Drink 125ml apple juice every 15 minutes (totally 500ml, after 60min) | 15 | 15 | 40 | 25.3±1.8 | 24.5±15.6 | 16.4±17.2 | |
| Kanbay et al 2021b (26) (Group2) | Turkey | 22.9±2.1 | Drink 500ml apple juice within 5 minutes, after 60min | 15 | 15 | 46.7 | 26.9±4.9 | 43.9±17.1 | 18.3±15.4 | |
| Qin et al 2015 (27) (fish oil) | China | 72.9±13.5 | 26.4±3.9 | fish oil | 36 | 36 | 72.2 | 46.0±10.7 | 115±10 | 237±28 |
cFGF21, circulating fibroblast growth factor 21; Con, Control; Exp, Experimental. *: data provided by the authors; #: data extracted from image.