Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics and their comparison according to the occurrence of postoperative complications
|
Variables
|
Total cohort (n = 269)
|
Uncomplicated (n = 76)
|
Complicated (n = 193)
|
P
value
|
| Age | 83 | 83 (82-85) | 83 (82-87) | 0.686 |
| Sex (M:F) | 126:143 | 344:200 | 92:101 | 0.686 |
| ASA | ||||
| 1 | 1 (0.0) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 0.002 |
| 2 | 62 (23.0) | 27 (35.5) | 35 (18.1) | |
| 3 | 179 (66.5) | 48 (63.2) | 131 (67.9) | |
| 4 | 27 (10.0) | 1(1.3) | 26 (13.5) | |
| BMI | 24.8 (24-25.1) | 26.3 (22.9-28.2) | 24.2 (21.1-27.4) | 0.062 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (1-4) | 3 (2-4) | 2 (1-4) | 0.145 |
| Prior upper abdomen surgery | 34 (12.6) | 11 (32.3) | 23 (67.7) | 0.548 |
| Leucocytes (× 109/L) | 11685 (10520-12957) | 9300 (7315-13917) | 12850 (8020-18200) | 0.009 |
| Platelets (× 109/L) | 236 (183-352) | 197 (165-262) | 272 (189-340) | < 0.0001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.01 (0.58-1.91) | 0.82 (0.41-1.53) | 1.11 (0.62-2.1) | 0.011 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 82 (19.7-225) | 46.4 (9-184.6) | 85.7 (22.2-231.0) | 0.135 |
| Antiplatelet | 110 (40.9) | 28 (36.8) | 82 (42.5) | 0.412 |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 64 (23.8) | 12 (15.8) | 52 (26.9) | 0.057 |
| Acute cholecystitis Tokyo grade | 0.147 | |||
| Mild | 36 (20.1) | 11(14.5) | 25 (13) | |
| Moderate | 75 (42.0) | 18 (23.7) | 57 (29.6) | |
| Severe | 68 (37.9) | 10 (13.2) | 58 (30.0) | |
| Diagnosis at admission in urgency | 0.374 | |||
| A.C. | 69 (38.5) | 19 (27.6) | 50 (72.4) | |
| A.C. + cholangitis | 19 (10.6) | 1 (5.2) | 18 (94.8) | |
| A.C. + choleperitoneum | 25 (14.0) | 5 (20) | 20 (80) | |
| A.C. + biliary colic | 38 (21.2) | 9 (23.7) | 29 (76.3) | |
| A.C. + biliary pancreatitis | 28 (15.7) | 7 (25) | 21(75) | |
| Preoperative ERCP | 23 (8.6) | 11 (14.5) | 12 (6.2) | 0.053 |
| Admission-surgery interval | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-3) | 0.051 |
| Operative time (min) | 100 (73-141) | 90 (66-120) | 105 (75-150) | 0.021 |
| Surgical approach | 0.012 | |||
| Laparoscopy | 53 | 115 | ||
| Open | 6 (7.9) | 46 (23.8) | ||
| Converted to open | 17 (23.4) | 32(16.6) | ||
| Intraoperative cholangiography | 161 (58.9) | 35 (46.1) | 126 (65.3) | 0.0005 |
| Choledocholithotomy | 15 (5.6) | 4 (5.3) | 11 (5.7) | 1 |
| Transcystic biliary decompression | 22 (8.2) | 3 (3.9) | 19 (9.8) | 0.147 |
| Intraoperative ERCP | 28 (10.4) | 6 (7.9) | 22 (11.4) | 0.508 |
| Afternoon night-procedure | 117 (43.5) | 24 (31.6) | 93(48.2) | 0.014 |
| Length of hospital stay | 5 (3-8) | 3 (2-6) | 6 (4-9) | < 0.0001 |
| Supported discharge | 47 (17.5) | 9 (11.9) | 38 (19.7) | 0.154 |
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; A.C.: Acute cholecystitis; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography.